Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 89557 Reno, USA.
Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain.
Biol Lett. 2023 Jun;19(6):20230136. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0136. Epub 2023 Jun 21.
Theoretical models indicate that the evolution of biparental care depends on how parents behaviourally negotiate their level of care in response to those of their partner and whether sexes and individuals consistently vary in their response (compensatory response). While the compensatory response has been widely investigated empirically, its repeatability has rarely been assessed. In this study, we used a reaction norm approach to investigate the repeatability of the compensatory offspring provisioning of a parent after temporary removal of its partner in the pied flycatcher () across different breeding seasons and partners. We found that only females partially compensated for the short-term removal of the partner and their response was significantly repeatable across years while breeding with different partners. This study highlights the importance of considering among individual differences in negotiation rules to better understand the role of negotiation mechanisms in the evolution of parental care strategies.
理论模型表明，双亲照料的进化取决于父母如何根据伴侣的照料行为来协商自己的照料水平，以及性别和个体在反应（补偿反应）上是否始终存在差异。虽然补偿反应已被广泛进行实证研究，但它的可重复性很少被评估。在这项研究中，我们使用反应规范方法来研究在不同繁殖季节和伴侣中，当暂时移走其伴侣时， pied flycatcher（）亲鸟补偿其后代供应的可重复性。我们发现，只有雌性亲鸟会对伴侣的短期移除做出部分补偿，并且它们的反应在与不同伴侣繁殖时具有显著的跨年度可重复性。本研究强调了考虑个体间谈判规则差异的重要性，以更好地理解谈判机制在亲代照料策略进化中的作用。
