de Araújo Guilherme F, Moioli Renan C, de Souza Sandro J
Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Instituto Metrópole Digital, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
Brain Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
Front Genet. 2021 Feb 3;12:617915. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.617915. eCollection 2021.
Extended phenotypes are manifestations of genes that occur outside of the organism that possess those genes. In spite of their widespread occurrence, the role of extended phenotypes in evolutionary biology is still a matter of debate. Here, we explore the indirect effects of extended phenotypes, especially their shared use, in the fitness of simulated individuals and populations. A computer simulation platform was developed in which different populations were compared regarding their ability to produce, use, and share extended phenotypes. Our results show that populations that produce and share extended phenotypes outrun populations that only produce them. A specific parameter in the simulations, a bonus for sharing extended phenotypes among conspecifics, has a more significant impact in defining which population will prevail. All these findings strongly support the view, postulated by the extended fitness hypothesis (EFH) that extended phenotypes play a significant role at the population level and their shared use increases population fitness. Our simulation platform is available at https://github.com/guilherme-araujo/gsop-dist.
扩展表型是拥有这些基因的生物体之外发生的基因表现形式。尽管它们广泛存在，但扩展表型在进化生物学中的作用仍存在争议。在这里，我们探讨扩展表型的间接影响，特别是它们的共享使用，对模拟个体和种群适应性的影响。我们开发了一个计算机模拟平台，在该平台中比较了不同种群产生、使用和共享扩展表型的能力。我们的结果表明，产生并共享扩展表型的种群比仅产生扩展表型的种群更具优势。模拟中的一个特定参数，即同种个体间共享扩展表型的奖励，在确定哪个种群将占主导地位方面具有更显著的影响。所有这些发现都有力地支持了扩展适应性假说（EFH）所假定的观点，即扩展表型在种群水平上发挥着重要作用，并且它们的共享使用会提高种群适应性。我们的模拟平台可在https://github.com/guilherme-araujo/gsop-dist获取。
