Biology Department, University of Crete, Crete, Greece.
J Morphol. 2021 Jan;282(1):80-87. doi: 10.1002/jmor.21283. Epub 2020 Oct 14.
A new, three-dimensional geometric morphometric approach was assessed to study the effect of developmental temperature on fish heart shape utilizing geometric morphometrics of three-dimensional landmarks captured on digitally reconstructed zebrafish hearts. This study reports the first three-dimensional analysis of the fish heart and demonstrates significant shape modifications occurring after three developmental temperature treatments (T = 24, 28 or 32°C) at two distinct developmental stages (juvenile and adult fish). Elevation of T induced ventricle roundness in juveniles, males and females. Furthermore, significant differences that have not been described so far in heart morphometric indices (i.e., ventricle sphericity, bulbus arteriosus elongation and relative location, heart asymmetry) were identified. Sex proved to be a significant regulating factor of heart shape plasticity in response to T. This methodology offers unique benefits by providing a more precise representation of heart shape changes in response to developmental temperature that are otherwise not discernable with the previously described two-dimensional methods. Our work provides the first evidence of three-dimensional shape alterations of the zebrafish heart adding to the emerging rationale of temperature-driven plastic responses of global warming and seasonal temperature disturbances in wild fish populations and in other ectothermic vertebrates as well (amphibians and reptiles).
采用一种新的三维几何形态测量方法，利用三维地标在数字重建的斑马鱼心脏上的捕获，研究发育温度对鱼类心脏形状的影响。本研究报告了鱼类心脏的首次三维分析，并证明在三个发育温度处理（T=24、28 或 32°C）和两个不同发育阶段（幼年和成年鱼）后发生了显著的形状变化。T 的升高诱导了幼年鱼、雄性和雌性心室的圆形化。此外，还确定了迄今为止在心脏形态计量指标（即心室球形度、动脉球伸长和相对位置、心脏不对称性）中尚未描述的显著差异。事实证明，性别是对 T 响应的心脏形状可塑性的一个重要调节因素。这种方法提供了独特的优势，通过提供更精确的心脏形状变化的表示，以响应发育温度，而这是以前描述的二维方法无法辨别的。我们的工作提供了第一个证据，证明了斑马鱼心脏的三维形状改变，这增加了全球变暖和野生鱼类种群季节性温度干扰的温度驱动的可塑性反应的出现的合理性，以及其他变温脊椎动物（两栖动物和爬行动物）也是如此。
