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三（五氟乙基）硅烷[Si(C₂F₅)₃]的路易斯两性特征的证据。

Evidence of the Lewis-Amphoteric Character of Tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide, [Si(C F ) ].

作者信息

Tiessen Natalia, Keßler Mira, Neumann Beate, Stammler Hans-Georg, Hoge Berthold

机构信息

Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.

出版信息

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2021 May 17;60(21):12124-12131. doi: 10.1002/anie.202016455. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

DOI:10.1002/anie.202016455
PMID:33617080
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8252080/
Abstract

According to a first view on the geometrical and electronic structure of the tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide, this anion appears as a Lewis base. Quantum chemical calculations on perfluoroalkylated silanides show significantly lower HOMO and LUMO energy levels in comparison to their non-fluorinated counterparts, which implies reduced Lewis basicity and increased Lewis acidity of the [Si(C F ) ] ion. With these findings and a HOMO-LUMO gap of 4.80 eV similar to N-heterocyclic silylenes (NHSis), perfluoroalkyl silanides are predestined to exhibit Lewis-amphoteric character similar to silylenes. Deprotonation of Si(C F ) H with sterically demanding phosphazene bases afforded thermally stable phosphazenium salts of the [Si(C F ) ] anion, which add to benzaldehyde, benzophenone, CS , and CO in various manners. This behavior also mirrors the reactivity of silylenes towards ketones as well as heterocumulenes and is rationalized by Lewis amphotericity being inherent in these silanides.

摘要

根据对三（五氟乙基）硅烷阴离子的几何结构和电子结构的第一种观点，该阴离子表现为路易斯碱。对全氟烷基化硅烷阴离子的量子化学计算表明，与非氟化的对应物相比，其最高占据分子轨道（HOMO）和最低未占分子轨道（LUMO）能级显著降低，这意味着[Si(C₂F₅)₃]⁻离子的路易斯碱性降低，路易斯酸性增加。基于这些发现以及与N-杂环硅烯（NHSis）相似的4.80 eV的HOMO-LUMO能隙，全氟烷基硅烷阴离子注定会表现出与硅烯相似的路易斯两性特征。用空间位阻较大的磷腈碱使Si(C₂F₅)₃H去质子化，得到了[Si(C₂F₅)₃]⁻阴离子的热稳定磷鎓盐，该盐以各种方式与苯甲醛、二苯甲酮、CS₂和CO发生反应。这种行为也反映了硅烯对酮以及异累积二烯的反应活性，并通过这些硅烷阴离子固有的路易斯两性来解释。

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