Park Gee Yoon S., Tishkowski Kevin
Michigan State University/Garden City Hospital
Garden City Hospital
Paramyxoviruses are enveloped, single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. Diseases caused by these viruses continue to produce high mortality and morbidity across the world. With the development and use of vaccinations and medications, the incidence of serious illness due to paramyxoviruses has tremendously decreased. Yet despite the availability, given the freedom and choice of receiving pre and/or post-exposure treatment, the cases have increased even in developed countries. Cultivating effective vaccines is still in progress for some of the paramyxoviridae species. The family Paramyxoviridae contains two subfamilies that are relevant to humans: Pneumovirinae and Paramyxovirinae. The subfamily Pneumovirinae gives rise to the genus Pneumovirus (respiratory syncytial virus). The subfamily Paramyxovirinae gives rise to the genus Morbillivirus (measles virus/ rubeola), to the genus Respirovirus (para-influenza viruses 1 and 3), and to the genus Rubulavirus (mumps virus and para-influenza viruses 2 and 4). Measles and rubella are targeted for elimination in five different World Health Organization (WHO) regions by 2020.
副粘病毒是有包膜的单链负义RNA病毒，在细胞质中复制。这些病毒引起的疾病在全球范围内继续导致高死亡率和高发病率。随着疫苗和药物的研发与使用，由副粘病毒引起的严重疾病的发病率已大幅下降。然而，尽管有可用的暴露前和/或暴露后治疗方法可供选择，但即使在发达国家，病例仍有增加。对于一些副粘病毒科物种，有效的疫苗仍在研发中。副粘病毒科包含两个与人类相关的亚科：肺病毒亚科和副粘病毒亚科。肺病毒亚科产生肺病毒属（呼吸道合胞病毒）。副粘病毒亚科产生麻疹病毒属（麻疹病毒/风疹病毒）、呼吸道病毒属（1型和3型副流感病毒）和腮腺炎病毒属（腮腺炎病毒以及2型和4型副流感病毒）。世界卫生组织（WHO）的五个不同区域计划到2020年消除麻疹和风疹。
