The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, The Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, Norway; National Centre for Epilepsy, Division for Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, Norway.
The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, The Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, Norway.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Apr 1;221:108604. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108604. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with a wide range of adverse physical, psychological and social effects. While some experience few side effects, others might experience severe consequences. Aggression and violence are among the often-cited side effects associated with high-dose AAS use; however, most of the knowledge is generated from subgroups, such as prison populations. A likely hypothesis is that AAS use is associated with aggression and violence, but that these associations are complex and may be mediated by several factors, such as substance use, AAS dependence and personality traits.
In the present study, we tested this hypothesis by examining the relations between long-term AAS use and AAS dependence, aggression, interpersonal violence and potential mediating factors in a sample of male AAS exposed and non-exposed weightlifting controls (WLC), using self-report questionnaires. Based upon AAS dependence criteria, a sample of male AAS users and WLC (N = 139) were stratified into three groups: WLC (n = 66), AAS dependents (n = 41) and AAS non-dependents (n = 32).
The results demonstrate that AAS dependents reported significantly higher levels of aggression compared to WLC and AAS non-dependents. While interpersonal violence was reported in all three groups, the highest percentage was found in the AAS dependent group.
In summary, our study confirms a link between AAS use, aggression and violence in a weightlifting population. However, the association is foremost seen in AAS dependent users and it seems that antisocial personality traits are an important mediator.
合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）的使用与广泛的身体、心理和社会不良影响有关。虽然有些人几乎没有副作用，但有些人可能会经历严重的后果。攻击性和暴力行为是与高剂量 AAS 使用相关的常见副作用之一；然而，大多数知识是从小群体中产生的，例如监狱人口。一个可能的假设是，AAS 的使用与攻击性和暴力行为有关，但这些关联是复杂的，可能受到多种因素的影响，如物质使用、AAS 依赖和人格特质。
在本研究中，我们通过使用自我报告问卷，在一组暴露于 AAS 的男性举重运动员对照组（WLC）和非暴露于 AAS 的对照组中，检验了长期 AAS 使用与 AAS 依赖、攻击性、人际暴力以及潜在中介因素之间的关系。根据 AAS 依赖标准，将一组男性 AAS 使用者和 WLC（n = 139）分为三组：WLC（n = 66）、AAS 依赖者（n = 41）和 AAS 非依赖者（n = 32）。
结果表明，AAS 依赖者的攻击性报告明显高于 WLC 和 AAS 非依赖者。虽然所有三组都报告了人际暴力，但 AAS 依赖者组的百分比最高。
总之，我们的研究在举重人群中证实了 AAS 使用、攻击性和暴力之间的联系。然而，这种关联主要出现在 AAS 依赖使用者中，反社会人格特质似乎是一个重要的中介因素。
