Gaut Joseph P, Liapis Helen
Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Clin Kidney J. 2020 Oct 10;14(2):526-536. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa142. eCollection 2021 Feb.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the clinical term used for decline or loss of renal function. It is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and high morbidity and mortality. However, not all causes of AKI lead to severe consequences and some are reversible. The underlying pathology can be a guide for treatment and assessment of prognosis. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines recommend that the cause of AKI should be identified if possible. Renal biopsy can distinguish specific AKI entities and assist in patient management. This review aims to show the pathology of AKI, including glomerular and tubular diseases.
急性肾损伤（AKI）是用于描述肾功能下降或丧失的临床术语。它与慢性肾脏病（CKD）相关，且具有高发病率和死亡率。然而，并非所有急性肾损伤的病因都会导致严重后果，有些是可逆的。潜在病理可作为治疗和预后评估的指导。改善全球肾脏病预后组织（KDIGO）指南建议，应尽可能确定急性肾损伤的病因。肾活检可区分特定的急性肾损伤类型，并有助于患者管理。本综述旨在阐述急性肾损伤的病理学，包括肾小球和肾小管疾病。
