Mooralitharan Silambarasi, Hanafiah Zarimah Mohd, Manan Teh Sabariah Binti Abd, Hasan Hassimi Abu, Jensen Henriette S, Wan-Mohtar Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad, Mohtar Wan Hanna Melini Wan
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Feb 24. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12686-3.
The fungi-based technology, wild-Serbian Ganoderma lucidum (WSGL) as myco-alternative to existing conventional microbial-based wastewater treatment is introduced in this study as a potential alternative treatment. The mycoremediation is highly persistent for its capability to oxidatively breakdown pollutant substrates and widely researched for its medicinal properties. Utilizing the nonhazardous properties and high degradation performance of WSGL, this research aims to optimize mycoremediation treatment design for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (AN) removal in domestic wastewater based on proposed Model 1 (temperature and treatment time) and Model 2 (volume of pellet and treatment time) via response surface methodology (RSM). Combined process variables were temperature (C) (Model 1) and the volume of mycelial pellets (%) (Model 2) against treatment time (hour). Response variables for these two sets of central composite design (CCD) were the removal efficiencies of COD (%) and AN (%). The regression line fitted well with the data with R values of 0.9840 (Model 1-COD), 0.9477 (Model 1-AN), 0.9988 (Model 2-COD), and 0.9990 (Model 2-AN). The lack of fit test gives the highest value of sum of squares equal to 9494.91 (Model 1-COD), 9701.68 (Model 1-AN), 23786.55 (Model 2-COD), and 13357.02 (Model 2-AN), with probability F values less than 0.05 showing significant models. The optimized temperature for Model 1 was at 25 °C within 24 h of treatment time with 95.1% COD and 96.3% AN removals. The optimized condition (temperature) in Model 1 was further studied in Model 2. The optimized volume of pellet for Model 2 was 0.25% in 24-h treatment time with 76.0% COD and 78.4% AN removals. Overall, the ascended sequence of high volume of pellet considered in Model 2 will slow down the degradation process. The best fit volume of pellet with maximum degradation of COD and AN is equivalent to 0.1% at 25 °C in 24 h. The high performance achieved demonstrates that the mycoremediation of G. lucidum is highly potential as part of the wastewater treatment system in treating domestic wastewater of high organic loadings.
本研究引入了基于真菌的技术——野生塞尔维亚灵芝（WSGL），作为现有传统微生物废水处理方法的真菌替代方案，作为一种潜在的替代处理方法。真菌修复具有氧化分解污染物底物的能力，具有高度持久性，并且因其药用特性而得到广泛研究。利用WSGL的无害特性和高降解性能，本研究旨在通过响应面法（RSM），基于提出的模型1（温度和处理时间）和模型2（菌球体积和处理时间），优化真菌修复处理设计，以去除生活污水中的化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮（AN）。组合的过程变量为温度（℃）（模型1）和菌丝球体积（%）（模型2）与处理时间（小时）。这两组中心复合设计（CCD）的响应变量为COD（%）和AN（%）的去除效率。回归线与数据拟合良好，模型1-COD的R值为0.9840，模型1-AN的R值为0.9477，模型2-COD的R值为0.9988，模型2-AN的R值为0.9990。失拟检验给出的最高平方和值分别为9494.91（模型1-COD）、9701.68（模型1-AN）、237,86.55（模型2-COD）和13357.02（模型2-AN），概率F值小于0.05表明模型显著。模型1的优化温度为25℃，处理时间为24小时，COD去除率为95.1%，AN去除率为96.3%。模型1中的优化条件（温度）在模型2中进一步研究。模型2的优化菌球体积为0.25%，处理时间为24小时，COD去除率为76.0%，AN去除率为78.4%。总体而言，模型2中考虑的高菌球体积的上升顺序会减缓降解过程。在25℃下24小时内，COD和AN降解最大的最佳拟合菌球体积相当于0.1%。所取得的高性能表明，灵芝的真菌修复作为废水处理系统的一部分，在处理高有机负荷的生活污水方面具有很大潜力。
