Grez Catalina, Vega Álvaro, Araya Magdalena
Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 2019 Sep;147(9):1167-1175. doi: 10.4067/s0034-98872019000901167.
An increasing number of children and adults are currently suffering symptoms due to FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols) consumption. These carbohydrates are poorly digested in the human gastrointestinal tract, exerting an osmotic effect in the small intestine. In the colon, they become substrates to the microbiota. Microbial fermentation explains symptoms such as abdominal distention (postprandial fullness), bloating and flatulence, abdominal pain and loose feces or diarrhea. There are no standardized methods to measure them in daily clinical work. Daily tolerance and the no-effect doses are unclear. How to diagnose and treat FODMAP associated symptoms is also controversial. In this review, we aim to define FODMAP, their associated symptoms and the current techniques for assessing them. The low-FODMAP diet is described and how to implement it.
目前，越来越多的儿童和成人因食用可发酵的低聚糖、双糖、单糖和多元醇（FODMAP）而出现症状。这些碳水化合物在人体胃肠道中消化不佳，在小肠中发挥渗透作用。在结肠中，它们成为微生物群的底物。微生物发酵会引发诸如腹胀（餐后饱腹感）、肠胃胀气、腹痛以及稀便或腹泻等症状。在日常临床工作中，尚无标准化的方法来测量它们。每日耐受性和无作用剂量尚不明确。如何诊断和治疗与FODMAP相关的症状也存在争议。在本综述中，我们旨在定义FODMAP、其相关症状以及当前评估它们的技术。还将介绍低FODMAP饮食及其实施方法。
