Podder Rajib, Glahn Raymond P, Vandenberg Albert
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Robert W Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2021 Jan 30;5(2):nzab004. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzab004. eCollection 2021 Feb.
Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies are global health problems affecting 20% and 33% of the world's population, respectively. Lentil ( Medik.), part of the staple food supply in many countries, can be a potential vehicle for Fe and Zn fortification.
We developed a dual-fortification protocol to fortify 3 milled lentil product types (LPTs) [red-football (RF), red-split (RS), and yellow-split (YS)], with NaFeEDTA and ZnSO.HO to increase the bioavailable content of Fe and Zn.
Appropriate Fe and Zn doses were determined to fortify lentils based on RDAs. Relative Fe bioavailability (RFeB%) and phytic acid (PA) content were assessed using an in vitro Caco-2 cell bioassay and PA analysis, respectively. One-factor ANOVA determined the differences in colorimetric score; concentrations of Fe, Zn, and PA; and RFeB% among samples. The least significant difference was calculated with significance level set at < 0.05.
Fe and Zn concentration and RFeB% increased and PA concentration decreased significantly in dual-fortified lentils. Dual-fortified lentil samples had higher RFeB% compared with Fe-fortified (single) samples in all 3 LPTs, whereas RFeB% decreased in Zn-fortified (single) RF and YS samples by 43.4% and 36%, respectively. The RF, RS, and YS samples, fortified with 16 mg Fe and 8 mg Zn/100 g of lentils, provided 27 mg Fe and 14 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe and 13.4 mg Zn, and 29.9 mg Fe and 12.1 mg Zn, respectively. RFeB% of RF, RS, and YS lentil samples increased by 91-307%, 114-522%, and 122-520%, respectively. Again, PA concentrations of RF, RS, and YS lentils were reduced by 0.63-0.53, 0.83-0.71, and 0.96-0.79 mg/g, respectively.
Dual-fortified lentil consumption can cost-effectively provide a significant part of the daily bioavailable Fe and Zn requirements of people with these 2 globally important micronutrient deficiencies.
铁（Fe）和锌（Zn）缺乏是全球性的健康问题，分别影响着全球20%和33%的人口。小扁豆（Medik.）是许多国家主食供应的一部分，可能是铁和锌强化的潜在载体。
我们制定了一种双重强化方案，用乙二胺四乙酸铁钠（NaFeEDTA）和硫酸锌（ZnSO₄·H₂O）强化3种磨制小扁豆产品类型[红圆粒（RF）、红扁豆（RS）和黄扁豆（YS）]，以增加铁和锌的生物可利用含量。
根据推荐膳食摄入量（RDAs）确定强化小扁豆的适宜铁和锌剂量。分别使用体外Caco-2细胞生物测定法和植酸（PA）分析法评估相对铁生物利用率（RFeB%）和PA含量。单因素方差分析确定比色评分、铁、锌和PA浓度以及样品间RFeB%的差异。计算最小显著差，显著性水平设定为<0.05。
双重强化小扁豆中铁和锌浓度以及RFeB%显著增加，PA浓度显著降低。在所有3种小扁豆产品类型中，双重强化小扁豆样品的RFeB%均高于铁强化（单一）样品，而在锌强化（单一）的RF和YS样品中，RFeB%分别下降了43.4%和36%。用16mg铁和8mg锌/100g小扁豆强化的RF、RS和YS样品，分别提供27mg铁和14mg锌、28mg铁和13.4mg锌以及29.9mg铁和12.1mg锌。RF、RS和YS小扁豆样品中的RFeB%分别提高了91%-307%、114%-522%和122%-520%。同样，RF、RS和YS小扁豆中的PA浓度分别降低了0.63-0.53mg/g、0.83-0.71mg/g和0.96-0.79mg/g。
食用双重强化小扁豆能够经济高效地满足全球这两种重要微量营养素缺乏人群每日对生物可利用铁和锌需求的很大一部分。
