Chen Jiali, Zhao Yan, Yao Qingxin, Gao Yuan
CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
Biomed Mater. 2021 Feb 25;16(2):022011. doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/abc2e9.
Peptidic self-assembly provides a powerful method to build biomedical materials with integrated functions. In particular, pathological environment instructed peptidic supramolecular have gained great progress in treating various diseases. Typically, certain pathology related factors convert hydrophilic precursors to corresponding more hydrophobic motifs to assemble into supramolecular structures. Herein, we would like to review the recent progress of nanomedicines based on the development of instructed self-assembly against several specific disease models. Firstly we introduce the cancer instructed self-assembly. These assemblies have exhibited great inhibition efficacy, as well as enhanced imaging contrast, against cancer models both in vitro and in vivo. Then we discuss the infection instructed peptidic self-assembly. A number of different molecular designs have demonstrated the potential antibacterial application with satisfied efficiency for peptidic supramolecular assemblies. Further, we discuss the application of instructed peptidic self-assembly for other diseases including neurodegenerative disease and vaccine. The assemblies have succeeded in down-regulating abnormal Aβ aggregates and immunotherapy. In summary, the self-assembly precursors are typical two-component molecules with (1) a self-assembling motif and (2) a cleavable trigger responsive to the pathological environment. Upon cleavage, the self-assembly occurs selectively in pathological loci whose targeting capability is independent from active targeting. Bearing the novel targeting regime, we envision that the pathological conditions instructed peptidic self-assembly will lead a paradigm shift on biomedical materials.
肽自组装为构建具有集成功能的生物医学材料提供了一种强大的方法。特别是，病理环境指导的肽超分子在治疗各种疾病方面取得了很大进展。通常，某些与病理相关的因素将亲水性前体转化为相应的更疏水的基序，以组装成超分子结构。在此，我们将基于针对几种特定疾病模型的指导自组装的发展来综述纳米药物的最新进展。首先，我们介绍癌症指导的自组装。这些组装体在体外和体内对癌症模型均表现出巨大的抑制效果以及增强的成像对比度。然后，我们讨论感染指导的肽自组装。许多不同的分子设计已经证明了肽超分子组装体具有潜在的抗菌应用且效率令人满意。此外，我们讨论指导肽自组装在包括神经退行性疾病和疫苗在内的其他疾病中的应用。这些组装体已成功下调异常的Aβ聚集体并实现免疫治疗。总之，自组装前体是典型的双组分分子，具有(1)自组装基序和(2)对病理环境有反应的可裂解触发基团。裂解后，自组装在病理位点选择性发生，其靶向能力独立于主动靶向。基于这种新颖的靶向机制，我们设想病理条件指导的肽自组装将引领生物医学材料的范式转变。
