Allonneau Alexandre, Mercier Samuel, Maurin Olga, Robardet Fabien, Menguy-Fleuriot Anne, Luu Say-Chong, Louyot Catherine, Jacques Nicole, Jouffroy Romain, Prunet Bertrand
Health Department, Paris Fire Brigade, Paris, France.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2021 Apr;233:113707. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113707. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
On 15th April 2019, the fire at Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, resulted in the melting of 410 tons of lead. Four hundred fourteen Paris firefighters were involved. For the purpose of preventive medicine, the level of lead contamination among the firefighters was assessed. This study objectives' were to describe the blood lead levels (BLLs) in the firefighters, to study the influence of some parameters such as the function of firefighters and the decrease in BLLs during the follow-up investigations.
The emission of 138 kg of melted lead from the roof and spire of the Notre Dame Cathedral during the fire was estimated by the National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks. Three categories were defined according to the estimated levels of external lead exposure and fire proximity: high (category 1, n = 170), medium (category 2, n = 151), and low (category 3, n = 93). Two to three weeks after the fire, blood samples to assess the BLLs were taken from firefighters in category 1 (N = 164) and from every female firefighter in category 1 and 2 (N = 4). When the BLL was above 50 μg/L (95th percentile of reference range concentrations for a sample of the French population), it was checked again at one month later (N = 31) and then, if still above 50 μg/L, at six months later (N = 10).
The geometric mean of initial blood lead level was 31.5 μg/L (CI 95% [27.7-35.9]; Min-Max: 7.0-307.6 μg/L). Twenty-five percent (n = 42) of initial BLLs were above 50 μg/L, versus 10% (n = 16) at 1 month, and 2% (n = 3) at 6 months. The French binding biological BLL limit value (400 μg/L for men and 300 μg/L for women was never exceeded and all BLLs decreased over time. BLLs varied according to the function occupied during the extinguishing of the fire: operators', officers' and those of unknown function. BLLs were significantly higher compared to drivers reflecting their lower distance to fire and fume.
The fire at Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, resulted in moderate lead contamination among firefighters. Individual and collective protection measures probably helped to limit the contamination. Nevertheless, an effort could be made to improve the working conditions by rethinking the respiratory protection.
2019年4月15日，巴黎圣母院发生火灾，导致410吨铅熔化。414名巴黎消防员参与灭火。出于预防医学目的，对消防员的铅污染水平进行了评估。本研究的目的是描述消防员的血铅水平（BLLs），研究一些参数的影响，如消防员的职能以及随访调查期间BLLs的下降情况。
国家工业环境与风险研究所估计，火灾期间巴黎圣母院屋顶和尖顶有138千克熔化的铅排放。根据估计的外部铅暴露水平和与火灾的接近程度，定义了三类：高暴露组（第1组，n = 170）、中暴露组（第2组，n = 151）和低暴露组（第3组，n = 93）。火灾发生两到三周后，从第1组的消防员（N = 164）以及第1组和第2组的所有女消防员（N = 4）中采集血样以评估BLLs。当BLL高于50μg/L（法国人群样本参考范围浓度的第95百分位数）时，一个月后再次检查（N = 31），如果仍高于50μg/L，则在六个月后再次检查（N = 10）。
初始血铅水平的几何平均值为31.5μg/L（95%置信区间[27.7 - 35.9]；最小值 - 最大值：7.0 - 307.6μg/L）。25%（n = 42）的初始BLLs高于50μg/L，一个月时为10%（n = 16），六个月时为2%（n = 3）。法国具有约束力的生物BLL限值（男性为400μg/L，女性为300μg/L）从未被超过，并且所有BLLs随时间下降。BLLs根据灭火期间所承担的职能而有所不同：操作员、官员以及职能不明者。与司机相比，BLLs显著更高，这反映出他们与火灾和烟雾的距离更近。
巴黎圣母院火灾导致消防员中出现中度铅污染。个人和集体防护措施可能有助于限制污染。然而，可通过重新考虑呼吸防护来努力改善工作条件。
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