Graf Simone, Bungenstock Anna, Richter Lena, Unterhofer Carmen, Gruner Michael, Hartmann Peter, Hoyer Patrick
Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Phoniatrics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Fraunhofer Application Center for Optical Metrology and Surface Technologies (AZOM), Zwickau, Germany and West Saxon University of Applied Sciences, Zwickau, Germany.
J Voice. 2023 May;37(3):374-381. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.01.020. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Articulation, phonation, and resonance disorders in the speech of hearing-impaired-speakers reduces intelligibility. The study focusses on (1) whether nonacoustic feedback may facilitate the adjustment of the vocal tract, leading to increased vocal tract resonance, and (2) whether training with the feedback would be helpful for the subsequent formation of vowels.
Prospective.
Seven profoundly hearing-impaired participants used acoustic sound waves in the frequency range of the first two vocal tract resonances applied in front of the open mouth at intensities above 1 Pa. They were asked to amplify the sound via adjusting the vocal tract. The sound waves corresponded to the first and second resonance frequencies of the vowels [u], [o], and [a]. The self-assessment of the participants and a software-based/auditory analysis was reported.
The participants were able to enhance the acoustic signal by adjusting the vocal tract shape. The self-perception of the participants, the auditory voice analysis, and the acoustic analysis of vowels were consistent with each other. While the maximum sound pressure levels were constant, the mean sound pressure levels increased. Breathiness and hoarseness declined during the exercises. Resonance/harmonic-to-noise ratio increased, especially for the vowels [u], [o], [a]. Furthermore, the positively connoted feedback from the participants indicated easier sound production.
Nonauditory feedback, based on acoustic waves, could be suitable for improving the formation of vowels. The findings are in accordance with a reduction of acoustic losses within the vocal tract.
目的/假设：听力受损者言语中的发音、发声和共鸣障碍会降低可懂度。本研究聚焦于：（1）非声学反馈是否有助于声道的调整，从而增加声道共鸣；（2）基于该反馈的训练是否有助于后续元音的形成。
前瞻性研究。
七名极重度听力受损参与者使用频率范围在声道前两个共振频率内、强度高于1帕斯卡的声波，在张开的嘴前施加。要求他们通过调整声道来放大声音。这些声波对应于元音[u]、[o]和[a]的第一和第二共振频率。报告了参与者的自我评估以及基于软件的/听觉分析结果。
参与者能够通过调整声道形状来增强声学信号。参与者的自我感知、听觉语音分析和元音的声学分析相互一致。虽然最大声压级保持不变，但平均声压级有所增加。练习过程中呼吸声和嘶哑声减少。共振/谐波与噪声比增加，尤其是对于元音[u]、[o]、[a]。此外，参与者积极的反馈表明发声变得更容易。
基于声波的非听觉反馈可能适用于改善元音的形成。这些发现与声道内声学损失的减少相一致。
