Clinical Pharmacologist, Pharmaceutical Department, Usl Umbria 1, A.Migliorati Street, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
Clinical Pathologist, Pathologist Department, Asur Marche, A.Comandino Street, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
Hum Immunol. 2021 Apr;82(4):264-269. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.01.007. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
The novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the viral pathogen responsible for the ongoing global pandemic, COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019). To date, the data recorded indicate 1.62 Mln deaths and 72.8 Mln people infected (WHO situation report Dec 2020). On December 27, the first anti-COVID-19 vaccinations started in Europe. There are no direct antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the pathophysiological and inflammatory/immunological processes of SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential to identify new drug therapies. In the most severe COVID-19 cases, an unregulated immunological/inflammatory system results in organ injury that can be fatal to the host in some cases. Pharmacologic approaches to normalize the unregulated inflammatory/immunologic response is an important therapeutic solution. Evidence associates a non-regulation of the "complement system" as one of the causes of generalized inflammation causing multi-organ dysfunction. Serum levels of a complement cascade mediator, factor "C5a", have been found in high concentrations in the blood of COVID-19 patients with severe disease. In this article we discuss the correlation between complement system and COVID-19 infection and pharmacological solutions directed to regulate.
新型冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 是导致当前全球大流行的病原体，即 COVID-19（2019 年冠状病毒病）。截至目前，记录的数据显示有 162 万人死亡，7280 万人感染（世界卫生组织 2020 年 12 月情况报告）。12 月 27 日，欧洲开始首次接种抗 COVID-19 疫苗。目前尚无针对 SARS-CoV-2 的直接抗病毒药物。了解 SARS-CoV-2 感染的病理生理和炎症/免疫过程对于确定新的药物治疗方法至关重要。在最严重的 COVID-19 病例中，未受调节的免疫/炎症系统会导致器官损伤，在某些情况下对宿主有致命危险。使未受调节的炎症/免疫反应正常化的药物治疗方法是一种重要的治疗解决方案。有证据表明，“补体系统”的失调是导致全身性炎症引起多器官功能障碍的原因之一。在病情严重的 COVID-19 患者的血液中发现了补体级联介质因子“C5a”的高浓度。在本文中，我们讨论了补体系统与 COVID-19 感染之间的相关性，并讨论了针对该系统进行调节的药物治疗方法。
