Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (AITTC), Ben Guerir, Morocco.
Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Sep;28(34):46781-46796. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12665-8. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
Agriculture is facing many challenges as climate change, drought, and salinity which call for urgent interventions to fast adaptation and diversification such as the introduction of new climate smart and stress tolerant crops such as quinoa. This study aims to introduce new high yielding quinoa cultivars conducted under several agronomic practices (rainfed, irrigation, and organic amendment) and to assess the technical and economic aspects related to quinoa seed production, transformation, and quality. Results obtained from agronomic trials clearly showed that International Center for Biosaline Agriculture cultivars recorded higher yields than locally cultivated seeds. Irrigation and organic amendment had a tremendous effect on quinoa productivity as it increased most of cultivar's yield by more than three times compared with rainfed conditions. Production cost analysis showed that using mechanized production and processing practices combined with irrigation and organic amendment can reduce seed production and processing cost from 2.8 to 1.2 USD kg compared with manual production system under rainfed conditions. The diagnosis of the quinoa transformation pathways revealed different transformation levels, and the production cost increased with the level of transformation due to high cost of labor and raw material. Analysis of quinoa seeds showed that macronutrient content is mostly not affected by pearling process, while micronutrients content was significantly decreased in processed seeds. In addition, total saponin content was reduced to an acceptable level after using mechanical pearling compared with manual abrasion.
农业正面临着气候变化、干旱和盐度等诸多挑战，这些挑战需要紧急采取干预措施，以实现快速适应和多样化，例如引入新的适应气候变化和抗逆性强的作物，如藜麦。本研究旨在介绍几种农业实践（雨养、灌溉和有机改良）下种植的高产藜麦品种，并评估与藜麦种子生产、转化和质量相关的技术和经济方面。农业试验的结果清楚地表明，国际盐碱农业中心的品种比当地种植的种子产量更高。灌溉和有机改良对藜麦的生产力有巨大的影响，因为与雨养条件相比，它使大多数品种的产量增加了三倍以上。生产成本分析表明，与雨养条件下的人工生产系统相比，采用机械化生产和加工实践并结合灌溉和有机改良，可以将种子生产成本和加工成本从每公斤 2.8 美元降低到 1.2 美元。藜麦转化途径的诊断显示出不同的转化水平，由于劳动力和原材料成本高，转化水平的提高会导致生产成本的增加。对藜麦种子的分析表明，宏量营养素含量大多不受去皮过程的影响，而加工种子中的微量营养素含量显著下降。此外，与手动磨损相比，机械去皮后总皂素含量降低到可接受的水平。
