Nurses' and nurse managers' perceived transformational leadership behavioural practices: a survey.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this paper is to compare the perceived transformational leadership practices of charge and staff nurses. Transformational leadership is effective in promoting change in organisations, with the leader guiding followers towards a common vision.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A quantitative, descriptive, comparative survey design was used. All charge nurses ( = 151) and staff nurses ( = 1,950) in six health entities in Malta were included. A mixed mode survey design was used. Data were collected using the Leadership Practices Inventory and analysed using ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test.

FINDINGS

An overall response rate of 15% ( = 315) was achieved. Both staff and charge nurses perceived transformational leadership to be practiced. Charge nurses scored consistently higher than staff nurses. In long-term care environments, charge nurses are more likely to "model the way", while in acute settings, they were more likely to "enable others to act".

RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Transformational leadership appears to be applied by charge nurses in Malta. The response rate achieved was low and may limit the generalisability of the results of the study.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

Nurse managers need to adapt their transformational leadership style based on the context in which they work.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Regular feedback from nursing staff should be sought for charge nurses to be aware of the extent to which they are implementing transformational leadership.