State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 1;767:145496. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145496. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
Comprehensive investigation of hydrological processes associated with landscape ecology and economic development plays a key role in watershed management, and is less developed in watersheds with large-scale cascade dams. With the abundant hydropower resources and its unprecedented advantages, hydropower exploitation in the upper Yangtze River (Jinsha River) is critical to energy structure adjustment in China. Therefore, we integrated hydrological modeling, landscape ecology analysis, and economic analysis in the dammed Jinsha River. With climate variations in the Jinsha River Basin, the average flow near the uppermost dams in the mainstream grew from 796 m s (1990s), to 918 m s (2000s), and further to 1025 m s (2010s). During 1991 to 2017, the source power in the headwater region grew slightly, but varied little in the downstream area. In the lower dammed Jinsha River, analysis of landscape indicators showed that the landscape was enriched, while the landscape type distribution was more uniform. Moreover, hydropower exploitation brought benefits to regional economic development. Principal component analysis further highlighted the landscape ecological and economic variations with high loadings in the first principal component. With the non-significant temporal variations and normal spatial fluctuations in flow discharge, the landscape pattern was basically stable, and the utilization of hydropower can be sustainable in the Jinsha River. In addition, hydropower development drove local economic development. Based on the integrated analysis of hydrological, landscape ecological, and economic assessment at the watershed scale, our results stressed the significance of hydropower exploitation in the Jinsha River. However, more attention should be paid to the warming climate during hydropower exploitation. These findings are valuable for the scientific planning of hydropower bases in watersheds with large-scale cascade dams, and have substantial implications for sustainable hydropower development.
综合调查与景观生态学和经济发展相关的水文过程在流域管理中起着关键作用，但在具有大规模梯级大坝的流域中，这方面的研究还不够发达。由于长江上游（金沙江）拥有丰富的水力资源及其前所未有的优势，对其进行水力发电开发对于中国的能源结构调整至关重要。因此，我们将水文模型、景观生态学分析和经济分析整合到金沙江梯级大坝中。受金沙江流域气候变化的影响，干流最上游大坝附近的平均流量从 796 立方米每秒（20 世纪 90 年代）增长到 918 立方米每秒（2000 年代），进一步增长到 1025 立方米每秒（2010 年代）。1991 年至 2017 年期间，河源区的源动力略有增长，但下游地区变化不大。在下游梯级大坝的金沙江，景观指标分析表明景观更加丰富，景观类型分布更加均匀。此外，水力发电开发为区域经济发展带来了效益。主成分分析进一步强调了景观生态和经济变化在第一主成分中有较高的载荷。由于流量排放的时间变化不显著且空间波动正常，景观格局基本稳定，金沙江的水电利用可以持续。此外，水电开发推动了当地经济发展。基于流域尺度的水文、景观生态和经济评估的综合分析，我们的研究结果强调了金沙江水力发电的重要性。然而，在水力发电开发过程中应更加关注气候变暖问题。这些发现对于大型梯级大坝流域水电基地的科学规划具有重要价值，对可持续水电发展具有重要意义。
