Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-95 Lublin, Poland.
Animal. 2021 Apr;15(4):100183. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100183. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
An assumption was made in the study that the optimal inclusion levels and ratios of lysine (Lys), arginine (Arg) and methionine (Met) in diets with Lys content consistent with National Research Council (NRC) recommendations (1994) contribute to stimulate the antioxidant defense system and prevent disorders resulting from the oxidation and nitration of biologically important molecules. The experiment was carried out on 864 one-day-old Hybrid Converter turkeys divided into six experimental groups (8 replicates per group and 18 birds per replicate) receiving different levels of Arg and Met. Chickens from group ArgMet received 90% Arg and 30% Met relative to Lys; ArgMet - 90% Arg and 45% Met relative to Lys; ArgMet - 100% Arg and 30% Met relative to Lys; ArgMet - 100% Arg and 45% Met relative to Lys; ArgMet - 110% Arg and 30% Met relative to Lys and ArgMet - 110% Arg level and 45% Met level relative to the content of dietary Lys. In comparison with turkeys fed diets with moderate Arg content (100% of Lys content), a decrease in dietary Arg level (90% of Lys content) led to a decrease in plasma 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) concentration (163.6 vs. 141.0), whereas an increase in dietary Arg level (110% of Lys content) led to an increase in plasma 3-NT concentration (163.6 vs. 202.6). In comparison with turkeys fed diets with moderate Arg content (100% of Lys content), the lowest dietary Arg level (90% of Lys content) decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the intestinal wall (19.68 vs. 17.41) and in the liver (11.51 vs. 7.94), increased SOD activity in the blood (507.6 vs. 961.4) and in breast muscles (6.26 vs. 7.43) and increased the concentration of malondiadehyde in breast muscles (1.10 vs. 1.50). An increase in dietary Met content from 30 to 45% of Lys content caused a decrease in plasma protein carbonyl concentration (4.33 vs. 3.8) and catalase activity in breast muscles (54.70 vs. 49.66), and an increase in SOD activity in the liver (8.90 vs. 10.41). The highest dietary Arg level (110% of Lys content) did not induce the oxidation of lipids, proteins or DNA, but it increased the risk of protein nitration. The lowest dietary Arg level (90% of Lys content) deteriorated the antioxidant status of turkeys. Regardless of dietary Arg levels, an increase in Met content from 30 to 45% of Lys content stimulated the antioxidant defense system of turkeys.
研究中假设，日粮中赖氨酸（Lys）、精氨酸（Arg）和蛋氨酸（Met）的最佳含量和比例与美国国家研究委员会（NRC）推荐的 Lys 含量一致，有助于刺激抗氧化防御系统，防止生物重要分子氧化和硝化引起的紊乱。该实验在 864 只 1 日龄杂交转化鸡上进行，分为 6 个实验组（每组 8 个重复，每个重复 18 只鸡），接受不同水平的 Arg 和 Met。ArgMet 组鸡摄入 90% Arg 和 30% Met 相对于 Lys；ArgMet - 90% Arg 和 45% Met 相对于 Lys；ArgMet - 100% Arg 和 30% Met 相对于 Lys；ArgMet - 100% Arg 和 45% Met 相对于 Lys；ArgMet - 110% Arg 和 30% Met 相对于 Lys 和 ArgMet - 110% Arg 水平和 45% Met 水平相对于日粮 Lys 含量。与饲喂中等 Arg 含量日粮的火鸡（Lys 含量的 100%）相比，降低日粮 Arg 水平（Lys 含量的 90%）导致血浆 3-硝基酪氨酸（3-NT）浓度降低（163.6 对 141.0），而增加日粮 Arg 水平（Lys 含量的 110%）导致血浆 3-NT 浓度升高（163.6 对 202.6）。与饲喂中等 Arg 含量日粮的火鸡相比（Lys 含量的 100%），最低日粮 Arg 水平（Lys 含量的 90%）降低了肠壁（19.68 对 17.41）和肝脏（11.51 对 7.94）的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，增加了血液（507.6 对 961.4）和胸肌（6.26 对 7.43）中的 SOD 活性，并增加了胸肌中丙二醛的浓度（1.10 对 1.50）。日粮 Met 含量从 30%增加到 45% Lys 含量导致血浆蛋白羰基浓度降低（4.33 对 3.8）和胸肌中过氧化氢酶活性降低（54.70 对 49.66），肝脏中 SOD 活性增加（8.90 对 10.41）。最高日粮 Arg 水平（Lys 含量的 110%）并没有诱导脂质、蛋白质或 DNA 的氧化，但增加了蛋白质硝化的风险。最低日粮 Arg 水平（Lys 含量的 90%）降低了火鸡的抗氧化状态。无论日粮 Arg 水平如何，Met 含量从 30%增加到 45% Lys 含量都会刺激火鸡的抗氧化防御系统。
