Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
Payment Certification Agency, Ministry of Health of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 26;11(1):4778. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83710-2.
This study determined the prevalence of total hepatitis A antibody (anti-HAV) among 5-7 years old children and their mothers in the whole Cambodia, using a nationwide study, and examined the differences between the two cohorts. A total of 4535 dried blood spot-driven (DBS) samples (2021 mothers and their 2514 children of 5-7 years old) and the concomitant 922 whole blood samples (subset of the whole participants) were collected using a multistage random sampling strategy throughout Cambodia in 2017. Total anti-HAV was detected using the chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay method. Compared to gold standard whole blood samples, the sensitivity and specificity of DBS mediated anti-HAV detection were 94.8% and 98%, respectively. Total anti-HAV prevalence among mothers was 91.2% (95%CI: 90.0-92.5%), and that of their children was 31.5% (95%CI: 29.7-33.3%). In our study, the low prevalence of total anti-HAV among children indicates the country's improvement of safe water and food supply, hygiene and sanitation. If the hygiene and sanitation are consistently improved in Cambodia, the prevalence might be no longer increased when the children become adults.
本研究通过全国性研究，确定了柬埔寨全国 5-7 岁儿童及其母亲的总甲型肝炎抗体（抗-HAV）流行率，并比较了两个队列之间的差异。2017 年，采用多阶段随机抽样策略，在柬埔寨各地采集了 4535 份（2021 名母亲及其 5-7 岁的 2514 名儿童）和 922 份（全部参与者的一部分）干血斑驱动（DBS）样本和全血样本。使用化学发光酶免疫分析法检测总抗-HAV。与金标准全血样本相比，DBS 介导的抗-HAV 检测的灵敏度和特异性分别为 94.8%和 98%。母亲的总抗-HAV 流行率为 91.2%（95%CI：90.0-92.5%），其子女的总抗-HAV 流行率为 31.5%（95%CI：29.7-33.3%）。在我们的研究中，儿童总抗-HAV 的低流行率表明该国在安全用水和食品供应、卫生和环境卫生方面取得了改善。如果柬埔寨的卫生和环境卫生持续得到改善，当儿童成年时，流行率可能不再增加。
