Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile.
Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jul 1;776:145916. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145916. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
In order to make adequate projections on the consequences of climate change stressors on marine organisms, it is important to know how impacts of these stressors are affected by the presence of other species. Here we assessed the direct effects of ocean warming (OW) and acidification (OA) along with non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of a predatory crab and/or a predatory snail on the habitat-forming mussel Perumytilus purpuratus. Mussels were exposed for 10-14 weeks to contrasting pCO (500 and 1400 μatm) and temperature (15 and 20 °C) levels, in the presence/absence of cues from one or two predator species. We compared mussel traits at sub-organismal (nutritional status, metabolic capacity-ATP production-, cell stress condition via HSP70 expression) and organismal (survival, oxygen consumption, growth, byssus biogenesis, clearance rates, aggregation) levels. OA increased the mussels' oxygen consumption; and OA combined with OW increased ATP demand and the use of carbohydrate reserves. Mussels at present-day pCO levels had the highest protein content. Under OW the predatory snail cues induced the highest cell stress condition on the mussels. Temperature, predator cues and the interaction between them affected mussel growth. Mussels grew larger at the control temperature (15 °C) when crab and snail cues were present. Mussel wet mass and calcification were affected by predator cues; with highest values recorded in crab cue presence (isolated or combined with snail cues). In the absence of predator cues in the trails, byssus biogenesis was affected by OA, OW and the OA × OW and OA × predator cues interactions. At present-day pCO levels, more byssus was recorded with snail than with crab cues. Clearance rates were affected by temperature, pCO and the interaction between them. The investigated stressors had no effects on mussel aggregation. We conclude that OA, OW and the NCEs may lead to neutral, positive or negative consequences for mussels.
为了对气候变化胁迫因素对海洋生物的影响进行充分的预测，了解这些胁迫因素的影响如何受到其他物种的存在的影响是很重要的。在这里，我们评估了海洋变暖（OW）和酸化（OA）的直接影响，以及捕食性螃蟹和/或捕食性蜗牛对贻贝栖息地形成者紫贻贝的非消耗性影响（NCEs）。贻贝在 10-14 周内暴露于不同的 pCO（500 和 1400 μatm）和温度（15 和 20°C）水平下，存在/不存在一种或两种捕食物种的线索。我们比较了亚个体（营养状况、代谢能力-ATP 产生、通过 HSP70 表达的细胞应激状况）和个体（生存、耗氧量、生长、贻贝生物生成、清除率、聚集）水平的贻贝特征。OA 增加了贻贝的耗氧量；OA 与 OW 结合增加了 ATP 需求和碳水化合物储备的利用。目前 pCO 水平下的贻贝具有最高的蛋白质含量。在 OW 下，捕食性蜗牛的线索诱导了贻贝的最高细胞应激状态。温度、捕食者线索及其相互作用影响贻贝的生长。当有螃蟹和蜗牛线索存在时，贻贝在对照温度（15°C）下生长得更大。贻贝的湿重和钙化受捕食者线索的影响；在螃蟹线索存在的情况下（单独存在或与蜗牛线索结合存在）记录到最高值。在迹线中没有捕食者线索的情况下，生物生成受到 OA、OW 和 OA×OW 和 OA×捕食者线索相互作用的影响。在目前的 pCO 水平下，蜗牛线索比螃蟹线索产生更多的贻贝。清除率受温度、pCO 和它们之间的相互作用的影响。研究中的胁迫因素对贻贝的聚集没有影响。我们得出结论，OA、OW 和 NCEs 可能对贻贝产生中性、积极或消极的影响。
