Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile.
Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Jun 1;302:118918. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118918. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
To understand how climate change stressors might affect marine organisms and support adequate projections it is important to know how multiple stressors may be modulated by the presence of other species. We evaluated the direct effects of ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA) together with non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of the predatory crab Acanthocyclus hassleri on early ontogeny fitness-related traits of the commercially important rocky-shore keystone gastropod Concholepas concholepas. We measured the response of nine traits to these stressors at either the organismal level (survival, growth, feeding rates, tenacity, metabolic rate, calcification rate) or sub-organismal level (nutritional status, ATP-supplying capacity, stress condition). C. concholepas survival was not affected by any of the stressors. Feeding rates were not affected by OW or OA; however, they were reduced in the presence of crab NCEs compared with control conditions. Horizontal tenacity was affected by the OA × NCEs interaction; in the presence of NCEs, OA reduced tenacity. The routine metabolic rate, measured by oxygen consumption, increased significantly with OW. Nutritional status assessment determined that carbohydrate content was not affected by any of the stressors. However, protein content was affected by the OA × NCEs interaction; in the absence of NCEs, OA reduced protein levels. ATP-supplying capacity, measured by citrate synthase (CS) activity, and cellular stress condition (HSP70 expression) were reduced by OA, with reduction in CS activity found particularly at the high temperature. Our results indicate C. concholepas traits are affected by OA and OW and the effects are modulated by predator risk (NCEs). We conclude that some C. concholepas traits are resilient to climate stressors (survival, growth, horizontal tenacity and nutritional status) but others are affected by OW (metabolic rate), OA (ATP-supplying capacity, stress condition), and NCEs (feeding rate). The results suggest that these negative effects can adversely affect the associated community.
为了了解气候变化压力源可能如何影响海洋生物，并支持充分的预测，了解多种压力源可能如何被其他物种的存在所调节是很重要的。我们评估了海洋变暖（OW）和海洋酸化（OA）的直接影响，以及捕食性螃蟹 Acanthocyclus hassleri 的非消耗性效应（NCEs）对商业上重要的岩岸关键腹足动物 Concholepas concholepas 的早期个体发育与适应相关特征的影响。我们测量了这些压力源对九个特征的反应，这些特征要么是在生物体水平（存活率、生长率、摄食率、坚韧度、代谢率、钙化率），要么是在亚生物体水平（营养状况、ATP 供应能力、应激状况）。C. concholepas 的存活率不受任何压力源的影响。OW 或 OA 对摄食率没有影响；然而，与对照条件相比，在存在螃蟹 NCEs 的情况下，摄食率降低。水平坚韧度受到 OA×NCEs 相互作用的影响；在存在 NCEs 的情况下，OA 降低了坚韧度。通过耗氧量测量的常规代谢率显著随 OW 增加。营养状况评估表明，碳水化合物含量不受任何压力源的影响。然而，蛋白质含量受到 OA×NCEs 相互作用的影响；在没有 NCEs 的情况下，OA 降低了蛋白质水平。通过柠檬酸合酶（CS）活性测量的 ATP 供应能力和细胞应激状况（HSP70 表达）受 OA 影响，在高温下发现 CS 活性降低尤为明显。我们的研究结果表明，C. concholepas 的一些特征受 OA 和 OW 的影响，并且这些影响受到捕食者风险（NCEs）的调节。我们得出结论，一些 C. concholepas 的特征对气候压力源（存活率、生长、水平坚韧度和营养状况）具有弹性，但其他特征受 OW（代谢率）、OA（ATP 供应能力、应激状况）和 NCEs（摄食率）的影响。结果表明，这些负面影响可能会对相关群落产生不利影响。
