Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 462 North Frear, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 465A North Frear, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
J Mol Biol. 2021 Jul 9;433(14):166897. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166897. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
Regulation of transcription is a tightly choreographed process. The establishment of RNA polymerase II promoter proximal pausing soon after transcription initiation and the release of Pol II into productive elongation are key regulatory processes that occur in early elongation. We describe the techniques and tools that have become available for the study of promoter proximal pausing and their utility for future experiments. We then provide an overview of the factors and interactions that govern a multipartite pausing process and address emerging questions surrounding the mechanism of RNA polymerase II's subsequent advancement into the gene body. Finally, we address remaining controversies and future areas of study.
转录调控是一个高度协调的过程。RNA 聚合酶 II 在转录起始后不久就在启动子近端暂停，以及 Pol II 进入有效的延伸，这些都是早期延伸过程中发生的关键调控过程。我们描述了用于研究启动子近端暂停的技术和工具，以及它们在未来实验中的应用。然后，我们概述了控制多部分暂停过程的因素和相互作用，并讨论了 RNA 聚合酶 II 随后进入基因体的机制所带来的新问题。最后，我们还讨论了仍存在争议的问题和未来的研究领域。
