Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq; Department of Biology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2021 Apr;150:112087. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112087. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a complex disease that causes illness ranging from mild to severe respiratory problems. It is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) that is an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus belongs to coronavirus CoV family. It has a fast-spreading potential worldwide, which leads to high mortality regardless of lows death rates. Now some vaccines or a specific drug are approved but not available for every country for disease prevention and/or treatment. Therefore, it is a high demand to identify the known drugs and test them as a possible therapeutic approach. In this critical situation, one or more of these drugs may represent the only option to treat or reduce the severity of the disease, until some specific drugs or vaccines will be developed and/or approved for everyone in this pandemic. In this updated review, the available repurpose immunotherapeutic treatment strategies are highlighted, elucidating the crosstalk between the immune system and SARS-CoV-2. Despite the reasonable data availability, the effectiveness and safety of these drugs against SARS-CoV-2 needs further studies and validations aiming for a better clinical outcome.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一种复杂的疾病，可引起从轻度到严重呼吸道问题的各种疾病。它是由一种新型冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2（严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒-2）引起的，这是一种包膜的正链单链 RNA（+ssRNA）病毒，属于冠状病毒科 CoV 家族。它具有在全球范围内快速传播的潜力，无论死亡率低，都会导致高死亡率。目前，一些疫苗或特定药物已获得批准，但并非所有国家都可用于疾病预防和/或治疗。因此，迫切需要鉴定已知药物并将其作为可能的治疗方法进行测试。在这种危急情况下，一种或多种这些药物可能是治疗或减轻疾病严重程度的唯一选择，直到针对这种大流行中的每个人开发和/或批准某些特定药物或疫苗为止。在本综述的更新中，突出了可用于治疗的免疫治疗策略，阐明了免疫系统与 SARS-CoV-2 之间的相互作用。尽管有合理的数据可用性，但这些药物对 SARS-CoV-2 的有效性和安全性仍需要进一步的研究和验证，以实现更好的临床结果。
