School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300072, China.
National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jul 1;776:145735. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145735. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
Odor emissions from intensive livestock farms have attracted increased attention due to their adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Nevertheless, a systematic summary regarding the characteristics, sampling detection, and control technology for odor emissions from livestock farms is currently lacking. This paper compares the development of odor standards in different countries and summarizes the odor emission characteristics of livestock farms. Ammonia, the most common odor substance, can reach as high as 4100 ppm in the compost area. Sampling methods for point and area source odor emissions are introduced in this paper, and odor analysis methods are compared. Olfactometers, odorometers, and the triangle odor bag method are usually used to measure odor concentration. Odor control technologies are divided into three categories: physical (activated carbon adsorption, masking, and dilution diffusion), chemical (plant extract spraying, wet scrubbing, combustion, non-thermal plasma, and photocatalytic oxidation), and biological (biofiltration, biotrickling, and bioscrubbing). Each technology is elucidated, and the performance in the removal of different pollutants is summarized. The application scopes, costs, operational stability, and secondary pollution of the technologies are compared. The generation of secondary pollution and long-term operation stability are issues that should be considered in future technological development. Lastly, a case analysis for engineering application is conducted.
集约化养殖场的恶臭排放由于对环境和人体健康的不利影响而引起了越来越多的关注。然而,目前缺乏针对养殖场恶臭排放的特征、采样检测和控制技术的系统总结。本文比较了不同国家的恶臭标准的发展,并总结了养殖场的恶臭排放特征。氨是最常见的恶臭物质,在堆肥区可高达 4100 ppm。本文介绍了点源和区域源恶臭排放的采样方法,并比较了恶臭分析方法。通常使用嗅辨仪、气味计和三角恶臭袋法来测量恶臭浓度。恶臭控制技术分为三类:物理(活性炭吸附、掩蔽和稀释扩散)、化学(植物提取物喷雾、湿式洗涤、燃烧、非热等离子体和光催化氧化)和生物(生物过滤、生物滴滤和生物洗涤)。本文阐述了每种技术,并总结了它们在去除不同污染物方面的性能。比较了技术的应用范围、成本、运行稳定性和二次污染。在未来的技术发展中,应考虑二次污染的产生和长期运行稳定性的问题。最后,进行了工程应用的案例分析。