Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2021 Apr 8;368(5). doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnab026.
Plastic is omnipresent in the oceans and serves as a surface for biofilm-forming microorganisms. Plastic debris comprises different polymers, which may influence microbial colonization; here, we evaluated whether polymer type affects bacterial biofilm formation. Quantifying the biofilm on polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS) pellets by six marine bacterial strains (Vibrio,Pseudoalteromonas,Phaeobacter) demonstrated that each strain had a unique colonization behavior with either a preference for PS or PP over the other polymer types or no preference for a specific plastic type. PE, PP and PS pellets were exposed to natural seawater microbiota using free-living or total communities as inoculum. Microbial assembly as determined by 16S rRNA (V4) amplicon sequencing was affected by the composition of the initial inoculum and also by the plastic type. Known polymer and hydrocarbon degraders such as Paraglaciecola, Oleibacter and Hydrogenophaga were found in the plastic biofilms. Thus, on a community level, bacterial colonization on plastic is influenced by the microorganisms as well as the polymer type, and also individual strains can demonstrate polymer-specific colonization.
塑料在海洋中无处不在，是生物膜形成微生物的表面。塑料碎片由不同的聚合物组成，可能会影响微生物的定殖；在这里，我们评估了聚合物类型是否会影响细菌生物膜的形成。通过 6 株海洋细菌（弧菌、假交替单胞菌、噬碱菌）定量研究聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）或聚苯乙烯（PS）颗粒上的生物膜，表明每种菌株的定殖行为都具有独特性，要么更喜欢 PS 或 PP 而不是其他聚合物类型，要么对特定的塑料类型没有偏好。使用自由生活或总群落作为接种物，将 PE、PP 和 PS 颗粒暴露于天然海水中的微生物群中。通过 16S rRNA（V4）扩增子测序确定的微生物组装受初始接种物组成和塑料类型的影响。在塑料生物膜中发现了已知的聚合物和碳氢化合物降解菌，如 Paraglaciecola、Oleibacter 和 Hydrogenophaga。因此，在群落水平上，细菌在塑料上的定殖受到微生物以及聚合物类型的影响，并且个别菌株也可以表现出对聚合物的特异性定殖。
