Niidome Takuro
Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University.
Yakugaku Zasshi. 2021;141(3):327-332. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00179-4.
Controlled drug release in response to light irradiation is an important technique for focusing drug elution to specific sites and reducing the side effects of drugs in normal tissue. In one example, we used double-stranded DNA to modify gold nanorods. When the gold nanorods were heated by irradiation with near-infrared light, single-stranded DNA was released. Thus, we successfully prepared a controlled release system that responds to near-infrared irradiation by combining heat-labile linkers such as double-stranded DNA. However, the drug-loading capacity on the surface of the nanoparticles was limited. To improve the loading efficiency, we encapsulated gold nanorods in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, where PLGA acted as a drug payload. When the gold nanorod-containing PLGA nanoparticles were irradiated with a near-infrared laser, the PLGA nanoparticles were destroyed and significant drug release was observed. In another example, silver nanoplates were used as a near-infrared responsive photothermal nanodevice. Silver nanoparticles show antimicrobial activity that we expected could be controlled by light irradiation. First, we coated the silver nanoplates with gold atoms to mask the antimicrobial activity. When the gold-coated silver nanoplates were irradiated with a near-infrared pulsed laser, the shape of the silver nanoplates changed from plate-like to spherical, and silver ions were released. As a result, the antibacterial activity of the silver nanoplates was recovered. In this review, we outline examples of controlled release systems that respond to light irradiation. We believe that this review will contribute to improving the efficiency and safety of chemotherapy.
响应光照射的可控药物释放是一种将药物洗脱聚焦于特定部位并减少药物在正常组织中副作用的重要技术。在一个实例中，我们使用双链DNA修饰金纳米棒。当金纳米棒通过近红外光照射加热时，单链DNA被释放。因此，通过结合双链DNA等热不稳定连接体，我们成功制备了一种响应近红外照射的可控释放系统。然而，纳米颗粒表面的药物负载能力有限。为了提高负载效率，我们将金纳米棒封装在聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物（PLGA）纳米颗粒中，其中PLGA充当药物载体。当含金纳米棒的PLGA纳米颗粒用近红外激光照射时，PLGA纳米颗粒被破坏，并观察到显著的药物释放。在另一个实例中，银纳米片被用作近红外响应光热纳米器件。银纳米颗粒具有抗菌活性，我们期望其能通过光照射来控制。首先，我们用金原子包覆银纳米片以掩盖其抗菌活性。当用近红外脉冲激光照射金包覆的银纳米片时，银纳米片的形状从片状变为球形，并且银离子被释放。结果，银纳米片的抗菌活性得以恢复。在本综述中，我们概述了响应光照射的可控释放系统的实例。我们相信本综述将有助于提高化疗的效率和安全性。
