Ahmed-Yusuf Mustapha, Vatandoost Hassan, Oshaghi Mohammad Ali, Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad Ali, Enayati Ahmad Ali, Jalo Rabiu Ibrahim
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2020 Sep 30;14(3):228-238. doi: 10.18502/jad.v14i3.4556. eCollection 2020 Sep.
Malaria is a major public health problem and life threatening parasitic vector-borne disease. For the first time, we established and report the molecular mechanism responsible for s.l. resistance to pyrethroids and DDT from Yamaltu Deba, Southern Guinea Savanna, Northern-Nigeria.
The susceptibility profile of s.l. to four insecticides (DDT 4%, bendiocarb 0.1%, malathion 5% and deltamethrin 0.05%) using 2-3 days old females from larvae collected from study area between August and November, 2018 was first established. Genomic DNA was then extracted from 318 mosquitoes using Livak DNA extraction protocol for specie identification and kdr genotyping. The mosquitoes were identified to species level and then 96 genotyped for L1014F and L1014S kdr target site mutations.
The mosquitoes were all resistant to DDT, bendiocarb and deltamethrin but fully susceptible to malathion. was found to be the dominant sibling species (97.8%) followed by (1.9%) and (0.3%). The frequency of the L1014F kdr mutation was relatively higher (83.3%) than the L1014S (39%) in the three species studied. The L1014F showed a genotypic frequency of 75% resistance (RR), 17% heterozygous (RS) and 8% susceptible (SS) with an allelic frequency of 87% RR and 13% SS while the L1014S showed a genotypic frequency of RR (16%), RS (38%) and SS (46%) with an allelic frequency of 40% RR and 60% SS, respectively.
This study reveals that both kdr mutations present simultaneously in Northern-Nigeria, however contribution of L1014F which is common in West Africa was more than twice of L1014S mutation found in East Africa.
疟疾是一个主要的公共卫生问题，是一种危及生命的寄生虫媒介传播疾病。我们首次建立并报告了来自尼日利亚北部几内亚萨瓦纳南部亚马尔图·德巴的恶性疟原虫对拟除虫菊酯和滴滴涕产生抗性的分子机制。
首先，使用2018年8月至11月从研究区域采集的幼虫孵化出的2 - 3日龄雌性蚊子，确定恶性疟原虫对四种杀虫剂（4%滴滴涕、0.1%残杀威、5%马拉硫磷和0.05%溴氰菊酯）的敏感性概况。然后，使用利瓦克DNA提取方案从318只蚊子中提取基因组DNA，用于物种鉴定和kdr基因分型。将蚊子鉴定到物种水平，然后对96只蚊子进行L1014F和L1014S kdr靶位点突变的基因分型。
蚊子对滴滴涕、残杀威和溴氰菊酯均具有抗性，但对马拉硫磷完全敏感。冈比亚按蚊被发现是主要的同胞物种（97.8%），其次是阿拉伯按蚊（1.9%）和塞内加尔按蚊（0.3%）。在所研究的三个物种中，L1014F kdr突变的频率相对较高（83.3%），高于L1014S（39%）。L1014F的基因型频率为75%抗性（RR）、17%杂合子（RS）和8%敏感（SS），等位基因频率为87% RR和13% SS，而L1014S的基因型频率分别为RR（16%）、RS（38%）和SS（46%），等位基因频率分别为40% RR和60% SS。
本研究表明，在尼日利亚北部，两种kdr突变同时存在，然而在西非常见的L1014F的贡献是在东非发现的L1014S突变的两倍多。
