Liu Yin, Dai Meng, Bao Wu-Zhou, Huang Bi-Sheng, Guo Lan-Ping, Liu Da-Hui
Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China.
Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Macheng Macheng 438300, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2021 Jan;46(2):281-289. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200717.101.
In this study, 24 copies of samples of Chrysanthemum morifolium and soil from two main production towns in Macheng city were collected, and the contents of 13 mineral elements, 5 effective components and 14 soil nutrient factors in Ch. morifolium were determined. The enrichment characteristics of available soil nutrients by mineral elements were analyzed and the dominant factors affecting the effective components of Ch. morifolium were screened. The results showed that the content of mineral elements and soil nutrients and effective components are very different, and variation of soil fertility was much greater than that of inorganic elements in chrysanthemum plants. In general, the level of element content in Ch. morifolium from different producing areas is K>N>P>Mg>Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd. The content of K, N and Mg is higher than that of common crops, and the content of Cu, Cd and Pb in Ch. morifolium from various producing areas does not exceed the relevant standards. The N, P and K enrichment capacity in soil was stronger than that of other elements, and the Ca enrichment ability was the worst. The content of AvCu in the soil was positively correlated with the contents of N, Mg, K, Fe and Cu elements in Ch. morifolium. The contents of chlorogenic acid, luteolin, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid reached the pharmacopoeia standard. The percentage of chlorogenic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid in Ch. morifolium that from Huangtugang town in the active components were generally higher than that from Futianhe town, and the diffe-rences of luteolin contents in the two producing areas were relatively small. The correlation and regression analysis showed that the contents of Cu, Zn and Cr in Ch. morifolium were positively correlated with the active components, while the contents of Fe, Mn and Ni were negatively correlated with the contents of AvP, AvK, TK, AvMn and AvCu in soil. In general, Zn and Ca fertilizer should be added to the ecological planting of Ch. morifolium, K fertilizer should be added, and N and P fertilizer should be applied appropriately.
本研究采集了麻城市两个主要产区的24份菊花样本及土壤样本，测定了菊花中13种矿质元素、5种有效成分以及14种土壤养分因子的含量。分析了矿质元素对土壤有效养分的富集特征，筛选出影响菊花有效成分的主导因素。结果表明，矿质元素、土壤养分及有效成分含量差异较大，土壤肥力的变异程度远大于菊花植株中无机元素的变异程度。总体而言，不同产地菊花中元素含量水平为钾＞氮＞磷＞镁＞钙＞铁＞锰＞锌＞铜＞镍＞铬＞铅＞镉。钾、氮、镁含量高于常见作物，各产地菊花中铜、镉、铅含量均未超过相关标准。土壤中氮、磷、钾的富集能力强于其他元素，钙的富集能力最差。土壤有效铜含量与菊花中氮、镁、钾、铁、铜元素含量呈正相关。绿原酸、木犀草素、3,5 - O - 二咖啡酰奎宁酸含量达到药典标准。黄土岗镇菊花中绿原酸和3,5 - O - 二咖啡酰奎宁酸在有效成分中的占比普遍高于福田河镇，两个产区木犀草素含量差异相对较小。相关性和回归分析表明，菊花中铜、锌、铬含量与有效成分呈正相关，而铁、锰、镍含量与土壤有效磷、有效钾、全钾、有效锰、有效铜含量呈负相关。总体而言，菊花生态种植应增施锌肥和钙肥，钾肥应适量增施，氮、磷肥应适当施用。
