Cheng Adrian, Leung Yvonne, Brodaty Henry
Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Aging Ment Health. 2022 Apr;26(4):651-666. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1891197. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
Results from studies investigating life satisfaction, positive affect and happiness of near-centenarians (95+) and centenarians are inconsistent. This is the first systematic review to summarise the extant literature on the subjective well-being of this unique age group.
Seven electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane database for systematic reviews) were systematically searched. Subjective well-being was defined as life satisfaction, positive affect and happiness. A narrative synthesis of relevant articles was undertaken.
Of 28 studies eligible for inclusion in this review, 20 predominantly examined life satisfaction, 11 positive affect and 4 happiness. Sex and other demographic variables were not significant predictors of subjective well-being. In contrast, greater perceived health was significantly associated with higher levels of life satisfaction and positive affect. Fatigue and visual impairment were significantly correlated with lower levels of life satisfaction and positive affect. However, there was considerable heterogeneity in the findings on physical, cognitive and social associations, mediators and moderators.
The large discrepancy of results in the literature may be explained by methodological differences between studies. Centenarian research needs a clearer definition of life satisfaction, positive affect and happiness as their operationalisation is inconsistent. An international consortium of centenarian studies could facilitate cross-cultural comparisons on subjective well-being. Future research should be directed towards interventions that promote subjective well-being in the oldest-old.
关于研究接近百岁老人（95岁及以上）和百岁老人生活满意度、积极情绪及幸福感的研究结果并不一致。这是首次对该独特年龄组主观幸福感的现有文献进行系统综述。
系统检索了七个电子数据库（PubMed、MEDLINE、EMBASE、PsycINFO、CINAHL、科学引文索引和Cochrane系统评价数据库）。主观幸福感被定义为生活满意度、积极情绪和幸福感。对相关文章进行了叙述性综合分析。
在符合本综述纳入标准的28项研究中，20项主要研究生活满意度，11项研究积极情绪，4项研究幸福感。性别和其他人口统计学变量并非主观幸福感的显著预测因素。相比之下，更高的健康感知与更高水平的生活满意度和积极情绪显著相关。疲劳和视力损害与较低水平的生活满意度和积极情绪显著相关。然而，在身体、认知和社会关联、中介因素和调节因素的研究结果中存在相当大的异质性。
文献中结果的巨大差异可能是由于研究之间的方法学差异所致。百岁老人研究需要对生活满意度、积极情绪和幸福感有更清晰的定义，因为它们的操作化并不一致。一个百岁老人研究的国际联盟可以促进主观幸福感的跨文化比较。未来的研究应针对促进最年长者主观幸福感的干预措施。
