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无症状 SARS-CoV-2 感染中具有高功能的病毒特异性细胞免疫应答。

Highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

机构信息

Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.

Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.

出版信息

J Exp Med. 2021 May 3;218(5). doi: 10.1084/jem.20202617.

DOI:10.1084/jem.20202617
PMID:33646265
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7927662/
Abstract

The efficacy of virus-specific T cells in clearing pathogens involves a fine balance between antiviral and inflammatory features. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in individuals who clear SARS-CoV-2 without symptoms could reveal nonpathological yet protective characteristics. We longitudinally studied SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in a cohort of asymptomatic (n = 85) and symptomatic (n = 75) COVID-19 patients after seroconversion. We quantified T cells reactive to structural proteins (M, NP, and Spike) using ELISpot and cytokine secretion in whole blood. Frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were similar between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals, but the former showed an increased IFN-γ and IL-2 production. This was associated with a proportional secretion of IL-10 and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) only in asymptomatic infection, while a disproportionate secretion of inflammatory cytokines was triggered by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell activation in symptomatic individuals. Thus, asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals are not characterized by weak antiviral immunity; on the contrary, they mount a highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response.

摘要

病毒特异性 T 细胞在清除病原体方面的功效涉及到抗病毒和炎症特征之间的微妙平衡。在无症状清除 SARS-CoV-2 的个体中，SARS-CoV-2 特异性 T 细胞可能揭示出非病理性但具有保护作用的特征。我们对血清转换后无症状（n=85）和有症状（n=75）COVID-19 患者的队列中的 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 T 细胞进行了纵向研究。我们使用 ELISpot 定量检测了针对结构蛋白（M、NP 和 Spike）的 T 细胞，并在全血中检测细胞因子的分泌。无症状和有症状个体之间 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 T 细胞的频率相似，但前者表现出增加的 IFN-γ 和 IL-2 产生。这与无症状感染中仅 IL-10 和促炎细胞因子（IL-6、TNF-α 和 IL-1β）的比例分泌有关，而在有症状个体中，SARS-CoV-2 特异性 T 细胞的激活引发了不成比例的炎症细胞因子分泌。因此，无症状 SARS-CoV-2 感染个体的特征不是抗病毒免疫弱；相反，他们产生了高度功能性的病毒特异性细胞免疫反应。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/1177357b5531/JEM_20202617_Fig6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/6d54b946721e/JEM_20202617_GA.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/548d32a32a57/JEM_20202617_Fig1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/91978c72c767/JEM_20202617_Fig2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/0fa3c75d2278/JEM_20202617_FigS1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/3300521bec5c/JEM_20202617_Fig3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/2c1e7425d320/JEM_20202617_FigS2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/2c73b453fc3d/JEM_20202617_FigS3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/8c209c8baa72/JEM_20202617_Fig4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/0b98ed808540/JEM_20202617_Fig5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/878fec27e2df/JEM_20202617_FigS4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/9c673ea161fd/JEM_20202617_FigS5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/1177357b5531/JEM_20202617_Fig6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/6d54b946721e/JEM_20202617_GA.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/548d32a32a57/JEM_20202617_Fig1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/91978c72c767/JEM_20202617_Fig2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/0fa3c75d2278/JEM_20202617_FigS1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/3300521bec5c/JEM_20202617_Fig3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/2c1e7425d320/JEM_20202617_FigS2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/2c73b453fc3d/JEM_20202617_FigS3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/8c209c8baa72/JEM_20202617_Fig4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/0b98ed808540/JEM_20202617_Fig5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/878fec27e2df/JEM_20202617_FigS4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/9c673ea161fd/JEM_20202617_FigS5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7f4/7927662/1177357b5531/JEM_20202617_Fig6.jpg

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