Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China.
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2021 Jul 15;414:125492. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125492. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
Ethiprole is effective against a wide range of insects and has been used throughout the world. In this work, the toxicity, bioaccumulation and elimination of ethiprole and its main metabolites (ethiprole sulfone (M1), ethiprole sulfide (M2), ethiprole amide (M3), ethiprole sulfone amide (M4) and desethylsulfinyl ethiprole (M5)) in zebrafish Danio rerio were investigated at enantiomeric level. Rac-ethiprole showed high toxicity (96 h LC = 708 μg L) and M2 was six times more toxic than ethiprole (111 μg L). Enantioselective toxicity was observed, with the S-ethiprole (924 μg L) being more toxic than R-ethiprole (2195 μg·L). Rac-ethiprole and M2 could induce oxidative stress in the liver of adult zebrafish and developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish were exposed to 100 μg L rac-/R-/S-ethiprole and the bioaccumulation was monitored during a 21 d period followed by a 7 d metabolism. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of rac-ethiprole was 17, and the half-lives of rac-ethiprole and metabolites varied between 0.44 and 2.99 d. R-ethiprole was preferentially accumulated and metabolized in zebrafish. Besides, the metabolic pathways of R- and S-ethiprole were found to be different. This study indicated assessment of metabolites and enantioselectivity should be taken into consideration in evaluating environmental risks of ethiprole.
噻虫啉对多种昆虫有效，已在全世界范围内使用。在这项工作中，从对映体水平研究了噻虫啉及其主要代谢物（噻虫砜（M1）、噻虫硫醚（M2）、噻虫酰胺（M3）、噻虫砜酰胺（M4）和去乙基亚砜噻虫啉（M5））在斑马鱼 Danio rerio 中的毒性、生物蓄积和消除。外消旋噻虫啉表现出高毒性（96 h LC = 708 μg L），而 M2 的毒性比噻虫啉高六倍（111 μg L）。观察到对映体选择性毒性，S-噻虫啉（924 μg L）比 R-噻虫啉（2195 μg·L）毒性更大。外消旋噻虫啉和 M2 可诱导成年斑马鱼肝的氧化应激和斑马鱼胚胎的发育毒性。将斑马鱼暴露于 100 μg L 的外消旋-/R-/S-噻虫啉中，并在 21 d 期间监测生物蓄积，随后进行 7 d 的代谢。外消旋噻虫啉的生物浓缩因子（BCF）为 17，外消旋噻虫啉及其代谢物的半衰期在 0.44 至 2.99 d 之间变化。R-噻虫啉优先在斑马鱼中积累和代谢。此外，还发现 R-和 S-噻虫啉的代谢途径不同。本研究表明，在评估噻虫啉的环境风险时，应考虑代谢物和对映体选择性的评估。
