Scotton Michele, Andreatta Davide
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jul 1;776:145915. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145915. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
In mountainous areas, bare slopes represent often dangerous forms of land degradation that need to be rehabilitated. However, revegetation is usually performed with non-native plants, negatively impacting the natural landscape value. Comprehensive studies, especially on poorly investigated long-term revegetation effects, are therefore essential for the improvement of rehabilitation practices. In this study, four landslides or disused quarries surrounded by well-preserved (semi-) natural vegetation that were revegetated between 1988 and 2002 with non-native only herbaceous or both herbaceous and woody plants were studied 1-9 and 16-31 years after rehabilitation. A total of 111 sampling areas were surveyed for introduced and volunteer species and other important ground cover soil and topography traits. Climatic traits and species' ecological indicators were retrieved from the available databases. The time patterns and ecological spectra of the plant covers were analysed and correlated to the site traits. In the first decade, introduced plants were initially abundant but decreased rapidly. In the long-term, the more stress-tolerant among them still had a considerable cover, especially in fine-textured soils. Native species were established slowly but, due to their higher stress tolerance, dominated in the long-term, especially at more stressful sites. In areas with predominantly herbaceous cover, soil factors, such as gravel content, were more related to the plant cover. In areas with predominantly woody plant cover, the high plant cover was dependent on microclimatic factors, especially aspect. At sites like those studied here, woody species should be always used, but in the form of native plants, as they tend to persist. If herbaceous species are unavailable in native forms, their introduction should be avoided in areas not exposed to erosion, whereas poorly stress-tolerant non-native plants should be used in steep areas as they create a fast but short-lasting cover compensated in the long term by the establishment of native species.
在山区，裸露的斜坡往往是土地退化的危险形式，需要进行修复。然而，植被恢复通常使用非本地植物，这对自然景观价值产生了负面影响。因此，全面的研究，尤其是对研究较少的长期植被恢复效果的研究，对于改进修复措施至关重要。在本研究中，对1988年至2002年期间用非本地草本植物或草本植物与木本植物进行植被恢复的四个滑坡或废弃采石场进行了研究，这些场地周围环绕着保存完好的（半）自然植被，研究时间为恢复后的1 - 9年和16 - 31年。总共对111个采样区域进行了调查，以了解引入物种和自生植物以及其他重要的地被、土壤和地形特征。从现有数据库中获取气候特征和物种的生态指标。分析了植物覆盖的时间模式和生态谱，并将其与场地特征相关联。在第一个十年中，引入植物最初数量丰富，但迅速减少。从长期来看，其中耐受性较强的植物仍有相当的覆盖度，尤其是在质地细腻的土壤中。本地物种建立缓慢，但由于其较高的胁迫耐受性，从长期来看占主导地位，尤其是在压力较大的场地。在以草本植物覆盖为主的区域，土壤因素，如砾石含量，与植物覆盖的关系更大。在以木本植物覆盖为主的区域，高植物覆盖度取决于微气候因素，尤其是坡向。在像这里研究的场地，应始终使用木本物种，但采用本地植物的形式，因为它们往往能够持续存在。如果没有本地形式的草本物种，在不受侵蚀的区域应避免引入，而在陡峭区域应使用耐受性较差的非本地植物，因为它们能形成快速但持续时间短的覆盖，从长期来看会由本地物种的建立得到补偿。
