Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland T12 AK54.
National Cancer Control Programme, Health Service Executive, Ireland DO1 A3Y8.
Health Promot Int. 2021 Dec 23;36(6):1656-1671. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daab016.
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death. Barriers to the early presentation for LC include lack of symptom awareness, symptom misappraisal, poor relationship with doctors and lack of access to healthcare services. Addressing such barriers can help detect LC early. This systematic review describes the effect of recent interventions to improve LC awareness, help-seeking and early detection. This review was guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, APA PsycARTICLES, APA PsycInfo and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched. Sixteen studies were included. Knowledge of LC was successfully promoted in most studies using educational sessions and campaigns. LC screening uptake varied with most studies successfully reducing decision conflicts using decision aids. Large campaigns, including UK-based campaign 'Be Clear on Cancer', were instrumental in enhancing LC awareness, promoting help-seeking and yielding an increase in chest X-rays and a decrease in the number of individuals diagnosed with advanced LC. Multimodal public health interventions, such as educational campaigns are best suited to raise awareness, reduce barriers to help-seeking and help detect LC early. Future interventions ought to incorporate targeted information using educational resources, face-to-face counselling and video- and web-based decision aids.
肺癌（LC）是癌症死亡的主要原因。导致 LC 早期就诊的障碍包括缺乏症状意识、对症状的错误评估、与医生的关系不佳以及缺乏医疗保健服务。解决这些障碍有助于早期发现 LC。本系统评价描述了最近为提高 LC 意识、寻求帮助和早期检测而采取的干预措施的效果。本综述由 Cochrane 干预系统评价手册指导。电子数据库 MEDLINE、CINAHL、ERIC、APA PsycARTICLES、APA PsycInfo 和心理学和行为科学收藏进行了搜索。纳入了 16 项研究。大多数研究通过教育课程和宣传成功提高了对 LC 的认识。LC 筛查的采用率因大多数研究使用决策辅助工具成功减少决策冲突而有所不同。包括英国“Be Clear on Cancer”在内的大型活动在提高 LC 意识、促进寻求帮助方面发挥了重要作用，并增加了胸部 X 光检查的数量，减少了诊断为晚期 LC 的人数。多模式公共卫生干预措施，如教育宣传活动，最适合提高认识、减少寻求帮助的障碍并帮助早期发现 LC。未来的干预措施应结合使用教育资源、面对面咨询和基于视频和网络的决策辅助工具，提供有针对性的信息。
