Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) Headquarters, Plot 7, Kira Road, Kamwokya, P. O Box 3530, Kampala, Uganda.
Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, 1 George Square, Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
BMC Vet Res. 2021 Mar 1;17(1):95. doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02782-4.
Brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease of great public health and economic significance especially in developing countries. The disease affects humans and several species of livestock and wildlife. Studies on Brucellosis in wildlife in Uganda have been limited to single populations particularly in Queen Elizabeth National Park. This study aimed at estimating the percentage of positive samples of Brucella spp. in wildlife in four major national parks of Uganda. This was a retrospective survey which utilized archived samples collected from wildlife during the annual disease surveillance activities between 2013 and 2017.
A total of 241 samples from seven species namely African buffalo (Syncerus caffer, n = 109), African elephant (Loxodonta africana, n = 22), giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi, n = 41), Uganda kob (Kobus kob thomasi, n = 36), lion (Panthera leo, n = 6), plain zebra (Equus quagga, n = 25), and bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus, n = 2), were tested for antibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test. The overall percentage of positive samples in the four national parks was 31.1% (75/241; 95% CI: 25.6-37.2). Kidepo Valley National Park had a significantly higher percentage of positive samples of 55.9% (19/34; 95% CI: 39.5-71.1) compared to other sampled national parks (p < 0.05). Lions had significantly higher percentage of positive samples at 66.7% (4/6) than African buffalo at 48.6% (53/109, p < 0.0001). There were no antibodies for Brucella spp. detected in African elephant and bushbuck.
This study shows variations in percentage of positive samples with Brucella spp. between species and across national parks and notably a high percentage with Brucella spp. in wildlife in Uganda than that recorded elsewhere in sub-Saharan region of Africa. Potential for transmission to other wildlife and spill over to livestock is high especially in national parks with high livestock-wildlife interaction.
布鲁氏菌病是一种具有重要公共卫生和经济意义的传染性人畜共患病，尤其在发展中国家更为严重。该疾病影响人类和多种家畜和野生动物。乌干达野生动物布鲁氏菌病的研究仅限于特定种群，特别是在伊丽莎白女王国家公园。本研究旨在估计乌干达四个主要国家公园内野生动物布鲁氏菌属阳性样本的百分比。这是一项回顾性调查，利用 2013 年至 2017 年期间年度疾病监测活动中从野生动物收集的存档样本进行。
从七种物种共采集了 241 份样本，分别是非洲野牛（Syncerus caffer，n=109）、非洲象（Loxodonta africana，n=22）、长颈鹿（Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi，n=41）、乌干达 Kob（Kobus kob thomasi，n=36）、狮子（Panthera leo，n=6）、平原斑马（Equus quagga，n=25）和布什巴克（Tragelaphus scriptus，n=2），使用虎红平板试验检测抗体。四个国家公园的总阳性样本百分比为 31.1%（75/241；95%CI：25.6-37.2）。与其他采样国家公园相比，基代波山谷国家公园的阳性样本百分比明显更高，为 55.9%（19/34；95%CI：39.5-71.1）（p<0.05）。狮子的阳性样本百分比明显更高，为 66.7%（4/6），而非洲野牛为 48.6%（53/109，p<0.0001）。在非洲象和布什巴克中未检测到布鲁氏菌属抗体。
本研究表明，不同物种和不同国家公园之间布鲁氏菌属阳性样本的百分比存在差异，乌干达野生动物的布鲁氏菌属阳性样本百分比明显高于非洲撒哈拉以南地区的其他地区。尤其是在国家公园内，野生动物与家畜的相互作用较高，存在向其他野生动物传播和溢出到家畜的高风险。
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