Chaka Hassen, Aboset Gezahegn, Garoma Abebe, Gumi Balako, Thys Eric
National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Centre (NAHDIC), P.O. Box 34, Sebeta, Ethiopia.
Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, P.O. Box 57535, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2018 Jun;50(5):1041-1049. doi: 10.1007/s11250-018-1528-4. Epub 2018 Feb 24.
A cross-sectional survey was carried out to investigate the seroprevalence of ovine and bovine brucellosis in the livestock-wildlife interface area of Nechisar National Park, Ethiopia. Furthermore, producer's knowledge about brucellosis and its zoonotic potential was assessed using a structured questionnaire. A total of 268 cattle and 246 goat sera were collected from 50 herds and 46 flocks and subjected to Rose Bengal test (RBT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in parallel to detect anti-Brucella species antibodies. Positive reactions were further confirmed with compliment fixation test (CFT). Flock and herd level seroprevalence rate was 12.8% (95% CI 4.8-25.7) and 32.0% (95% CI 19.5-46.7) in goats and cattle, respectively. An overall animal-level seroprevalence of 4.5% (95% CI 2.25-7.86) and 9.7% (95% CI 6.44-13.89) was recorded for goats and cattle, respectively. Seroprevalence showed an increasing trend with age, where adult cattle > 2 years. Goats (> 1 year) recorded relatively higher seroprevalence, but the differences were not statistically significant. Similarly, female cattle and goats recorded a relatively higher seroprevalence, 11 and 5.6%, respectively, compared to males but the difference was not significant. However, a significant (P < 0.01) variation of seroprevalence was noted for parity (bovine), higher in animals in second parity, and abortion history, in both species, higher in animals that experienced abortion. Interviews revealed lack of awareness about brucellosis and food safety related to the zoonotic potential from consuming raw animal products (milk and meat). Ninety-eight percent of respondents did not consider handling abortion material is risky, and only a very low proportion (8%, n = 50) was able to mention limited zoonotic diseases (anthrax and Taenia cysticercosis) could be transmissible to people. The study indicated that brucellosis is endemic in domestic animals in the interface area and calls for further broad epidemiological investigation of the disease in livestock, human and wildlife following 'one health' unified research approaches beside enhancing public awareness.
在埃塞俄比亚内奇萨尔国家公园的家畜 - 野生动物交界地区开展了一项横断面调查，以调查绵羊和牛布鲁氏菌病的血清阳性率。此外，使用结构化问卷评估了养殖户对布鲁氏菌病及其人畜共患病潜力的了解情况。从50个牛群和46个羊群中总共采集了268份牛血清和246份山羊血清，并同时进行虎红平板凝集试验（RBT）和酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA），以检测抗布鲁氏菌属抗体。阳性反应进一步用补体结合试验（CFT）进行确认。山羊和牛群水平的血清阳性率分别为12.8%（95%置信区间4.8 - 25.7）和32.0%（95%置信区间19.5 - 46.7）。山羊和牛的总体动物水平血清阳性率分别为4.5%（95%置信区间2.25 - 7.86）和9.7%（95%置信区间6.44 - 13.89）。血清阳性率随年龄呈上升趋势，成年牛（>2岁）血清阳性率更高。山羊（>1岁）的血清阳性率相对较高，但差异无统计学意义。同样，母牛和母羊的血清阳性率相对较高，分别为11%和5.6%，高于公牛和公羊，但差异不显著。然而，产次（牛）的血清阳性率存在显著差异（P<0.01），二胎动物的血清阳性率更高；在两个物种中，有流产史的动物血清阳性率更高，有流产史的动物血清阳性率更高。访谈显示，养殖户对布鲁氏菌病以及食用生动物产品（牛奶和肉类）所带来的人畜共患病潜力相关的食品安全缺乏认识。98%的受访者认为处理流产材料没有风险，只有极低比例（8%，n = 50）的受访者能够提及有限的人畜共患病（炭疽和猪带绦虫病）可传染给人类。该研究表明，布鲁氏菌病在交界地区的家畜中呈地方流行，除了提高公众意识外，还需要遵循“同一健康”统一研究方法，对家畜、人类和野生动物中的该疾病进行进一步广泛的流行病学调查。
