Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
Faraday Discuss. 2021 Mar 1;226:617-628. doi: 10.1039/d0fd90037k. Epub 2021 Mar 2.
Megacities are metropolitan areas with populations over 10 million, and many of them are facing significant global environmental challenges such as air pollution. Intense economic and human activities in megacities result in air pollution emissions, inducing high levels of air pollutants in the atmosphere that harm human health, cause regional haze and acid deposition, damage crops, influence regional air quality, and contribute to climate change. Since the Great London Smog and the first recognized episode of Los Angeles photochemical smog seventy years ago, substantial progress has been achieved in improving the scientific understanding of air pollution and in developing emissions reduction technologies and control measures. However, much remains to be understood about the complex processes of atmospheric transport and reaction mechanisms; the formation and evolution of secondary particles, especially those containing organic species; and the influence of emerging emissions sources and changing climate on air quality and health. Molina (DOI: ) has provided an excellent overview of the sources of emissions in megacities, atmospheric physicochemical processes, air quality trends and management, and the impacts on health and climate for the introductory lecture of this Faraday Discussion.
特大城市是人口超过 1000 万的都市区，其中许多城市都面临着空气污染等重大全球环境挑战。特大城市中密集的经济和人类活动导致了空气污染排放，使大气中的空气污染物水平升高，危害人类健康，造成区域性阴霾和酸沉降，破坏农作物，影响区域空气质量，并导致气候变化。自 70 年前大伦敦烟雾事件和首次被确认的洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件以来，在提高对空气污染的科学认识以及开发减排技术和控制措施方面取得了重大进展。然而，对于大气传输和反应机制的复杂过程、二次粒子的形成和演化，特别是那些含有有机物质的二次粒子，以及新兴排放源和气候变化对空气质量和健康的影响，仍有许多需要了解的地方。莫利纳（DOI：）在本次 Faraday 讨论的介绍性演讲中，就特大城市的排放源、大气物理化学过程、空气质量趋势和管理以及对健康和气候的影响提供了一个极好的概述。
