STAD (Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
Prevention Research Center, PIRE (Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation), Oakland, Berkeley, California, USA.
Addiction. 2021 Oct;116(10):2663-2672. doi: 10.1111/add.15461. Epub 2021 Mar 23.
Alcohol intoxication among spectators and related problems are common at sporting events. This study estimated the impact a multi-component community-based alcohol prevention intervention, implemented at Swedish Premier Football (soccer) League matches, had on intoxication levels among spectators and refusal rates of alcohol service to, and arena entry of, obviously intoxicated spectators.
A quasi-experimental controlled study using a repeated cross-sectional design.
Spectators and sport arenas in Stockholm and Gothenburg, Sweden.
The intervention was implemented in Stockholm and consisted of community mobilisation and collaboration, training of staff and improved enforcement and policy work. Gothenburg was the comparison area and received usual care.
Primary outcomes were spectators' mean breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), proportion of spectators with high intoxication levels, (defined as BrAC ≥0.1%), overserving at licensed premises inside arenas and refused arena entry of obviously intoxicated spectators. Baseline data were collected during 2015 and follow-up during 2016 and 2017.
BrAC assessments (n = 10 188), arena entry attempts (n = 201) and alcohol purchase attempts at premises inside arenas (n = 495) were collected. There was evidence that the refusal rates of alcohol purchase at premises inside arenas improved differently between study areas and over time (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.07, 1.06, P = 0.060, Bayes factor [BF] = 8.60). In both study areas, the arena entry refusal rates improved over time (aOR = 5.87, 95% CI = 1.16, 29.83, P = 0.033, BF = 17.7), but evidence that the rates improved differently between study areas and over time was equivocal (aOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.09, 3.56, P = 0.543, BF = 1.2). Mean BrAC levels decreased over time in both study areas (β = -0.032, 95% CI = -0.050, -0.015, P < 0.001), and differently (β = 0.104, 95% CI = 0.061, 0.146, P < 0.001), but evidence for an interaction effect was equivocal (β = -0.002, 95% CI = -0.022, 0.018, P = 0.868, BF = 1.0). Evidence was equivocal regarding whether the proportion of spectators with high intoxication levels decreased differently between study areas and over time (aOR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.91, 1.50, P = 0.220, BF = 2.2).
A multi-component community-based alcohol prevention intervention at sporting events may have increased staff intervention toward obviously intoxicated spectators. It was not clear whether this translated into a reduction in intoxication, which can be explained by improvements in the comparison area.
观众的酒精中毒和相关问题在体育赛事中很常见。本研究评估了一项基于社区的多组分酒精预防干预措施对瑞典足球超级联赛比赛中观众的醉酒水平以及拒绝为醉酒观众提供酒精服务和禁止其进入体育场馆的影响。
使用重复横截面设计的准实验对照研究。
瑞典斯德哥尔摩和哥德堡的观众和体育场馆。
该干预措施在斯德哥尔摩实施，包括社区动员和协作、员工培训以及加强执法和政策工作。哥德堡是对照组，接受常规护理。
主要结局指标是观众的平均呼气酒精浓度（BrAC）、高醉酒水平（定义为 BrAC≥0.1%）的观众比例、在场地内许可场所的过量供应和拒绝明显醉酒观众进入场馆。基线数据收集于 2015 年，随访于 2016 年和 2017 年。
共收集了 10188 次 BrAC 评估、201 次场馆入口尝试和 495 次场馆内场所的酒精购买尝试。有证据表明，研究区域和随时间的推移，场馆内场所的拒绝购买酒精的比率不同（调整后的优势比[aOR] = 0.28，95%置信区间[CI] = 0.07，1.06，P = 0.060，贝叶斯因子[BF] = 8.60）。在两个研究区域，场馆入口拒绝率随时间推移而提高（aOR = 5.87，95%CI = 1.16，29.83，P = 0.033，BF = 17.7），但证据表明研究区域和随时间的变化，拒绝率的改善情况存在不确定性（aOR = 0.57，95%CI = 0.09，3.56，P = 0.543，BF = 1.2）。两个研究区域的平均 BrAC 水平随时间推移而降低（β= -0.032，95%CI = -0.050，-0.015，P < 0.001），且不同（β= 0.104，95%CI = 0.061，0.146，P < 0.001），但交互效应的证据存在不确定性（β= -0.002，95%CI = -0.022，0.018，P = 0.868，BF = 1.0）。关于高醉酒水平观众的比例是否在研究区域和随时间的变化上存在不同的减少，证据存在不确定性（aOR = 1.17，95%CI = 0.91，1.50，P = 0.220，BF = 2.2）。
在体育赛事中实施基于社区的多组分酒精预防干预措施可能增加了工作人员对明显醉酒观众的干预。醉酒程度没有明显下降，这可以解释为对照组的情况有所改善。
