Radjack Rahmeth, Touhami Fatima, El Husseini Mayssa, Bernichi Asmaa, Mouchenik Yoram, Minassian Sevan, Moro Marie Rose
APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, F-75014 Paris, France ; Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, France ; CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, « DevPsy » Université Paris-Saclay, F-94807 Villejuif, France.
APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, F-75014 Paris, France ; MCU Université de Picardie Jules Verne CHSSC EA 4289.
Sante Ment Que. 2020 Fall;45(2):97-113.
Objectives The article presents the clinical description and discussion of a 17 years old Moroccan unaccompanied minor who migrated on his own to France. This case illustrates the complexity of the foreign unaccompanied minors' trajectories and the challenges of the clinical and institutional accompaniment provided in France. In the lights of the results of our clinical work and research, we suggest transcultural tools and perspectives that facilitate the construction of a narrative and that reinforce trust with the professionals-care givers working along with this population. Creativity is needed in the care of foreign isolated young people, in the absence of the family. Past traumatic experiences in these youths' lives hinder the process of building trust in the host country's educational accompaniment. Method In the framework of our action research, we describe the transcultural therapy setting created by our team to address the unaccompanied minors' psychological distress. Aiming to encourage the emergence of a life narrative that had been obstructed and ruptured by traumatic experiences, we resort to various tools facilitating the storytelling (objects, circle test, mediators interpreters, transcultural interpretations). Results The discussion follows three stances: the anthropological perspective focusing on the specific situation of the harraga-young people wandering both on the psychic and physical levels-, the political perspective, and the trauma clinic perspective. The enhancement and deepening of the cross-cultural skills of social workers strengthen their resources and provide them with better tools to accompany these young people. Additionally, results highlight the impact of the political discourse and strategies in the social workers' self-perception and the strains it creates in their daily work. Conclusion The transcultural approach addressed to unaccompanied minors relaunches the identity construction process in adolescence, impeded by their traumatic journey in migration. This implies restoring coherence in the life path of young people despite the rupture caused by the migration, often reactivated by new separations during the repetitive changes of foster homes. The unaccompanied minors have the possibility, through this clinical setting to depict an accurate representation of themselves, to develop narratives that can outgrow the preconceptions associated with their status, opening a brighter way for their individual destinies.
目标 本文介绍了一名独自移民到法国的17岁摩洛哥无人陪伴未成年人的临床描述与讨论。该案例说明了外国无人陪伴未成年人轨迹的复杂性以及法国提供的临床和机构陪伴所面临的挑战。根据我们临床工作和研究的结果,我们提出了跨文化工具和视角,以促进叙事的构建,并加强与陪伴这一群体的专业护理人员之间的信任。在没有家庭陪伴的情况下,照顾外国孤身年轻人需要创造力。这些年轻人过去的创伤经历阻碍了在东道国教育陪伴中建立信任的过程。方法 在我们的行动研究框架内,我们描述了我们团队为解决无人陪伴未成年人的心理困扰而创建的跨文化治疗环境。为了鼓励出现因创伤经历而受阻和中断的生活叙事,我们采用了各种促进讲故事的工具(物品、圆圈测试、调解口译员、跨文化解读)。结果 讨论基于三种立场:人类学视角,关注哈拉拉年轻人在心理和身体层面流浪的具体情况;政治视角;创伤临床视角。社会工作者跨文化技能的提升和深化增强了他们的资源,并为他们陪伴这些年轻人提供了更好的工具。此外,结果突出了政治话语和策略对社会工作者自我认知的影响以及在他们日常工作中造成的压力。结论 针对无人陪伴未成年人的跨文化方法重新启动了青春期的身份建构过程,这一过程因他们在移民中的创伤经历而受阻。这意味着尽管移民造成了断裂,且在寄养家庭反复更换期间新的分离常常重新引发这种断裂,但仍要恢复年轻人生活轨迹的连贯性。通过这种临床环境,无人陪伴未成年人有可能准确地描绘自己,发展出超越与其身份相关的先入之见的叙事,为他们的个人命运开辟更光明的道路。