Preconception, Pregnancy, Birthing, and Lactation Needs of Transgender Men.

Planned and unplanned pregnancies are occurring among transgender men. Although the literature highlights the fact that many transgender men retain their reproductive pelvic organs and desire pregnancy, there is a dearth of information on best practices and standards of care guiding perinatal care for this population. A literature review was conducted to explore the reproductive health needs of transgender men related to reproductive desires, contraception, family planning, fertility preservation, pregnancy, birth, and lactation. Findings show that pregnant and birthing transgender men are reporting feelings of invisibility, isolation, and loneliness in highly gendered perinatal care environments. A lack of gender-affirming perinatal environments and experienced providers is contributing to the avoidance of care by transgender men and further discrimination in an already marginalized population. More research attention is needed to understand the reproductive health needs of pregnant and birthing transgender men and to optimize the care they receive.