Abadías-Granado I, Diago A, Cerro P A, Palma-Ruiz A M, Gilaberte Y
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España.
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España.
Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed). 2021 Feb 27. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.02.008.
Leishmaniasis is a chronic disease caused by flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania. It is a global disease, but most cases are seen in South America, the Mediterranean, and some areas of Asia and Africa. The 3 main types of leishmaniasis are cutaneous (the most common), mucocutaneous, and visceral (the most severe). Visceral leishmaniasis is also known as kala-azar. Leishmaniasis is diagnosed by demonstrating the presence of Leishmania amastigotes in clinical specimens using direct microscopic examination or molecular analysis. Various treatments exist, although the evidence supporting the options available for cutaneous leishmaniasis is weak. Both the classical presentation of leishmaniasis and our management of the disease have changed in recent decades because of acquired immune deficiency caused by conditions such as HIV infection or the use of TNF inhibitors.
利什曼病是一种由利什曼原虫属的鞭毛虫原生动物引起的慢性疾病。它是一种全球性疾病，但大多数病例出现在南美洲、地中海地区以及亚洲和非洲的一些地区。利什曼病的3种主要类型为皮肤型（最常见）、黏膜皮肤型和内脏型（最严重）。内脏利什曼病也被称为黑热病。通过直接显微镜检查或分子分析在临床标本中发现利什曼无鞭毛体来诊断利什曼病。虽然支持皮肤利什曼病现有治疗方案的证据不足，但仍有多种治疗方法。由于HIV感染或使用TNF抑制剂等情况导致的获得性免疫缺陷，近几十年来利什曼病的经典表现和我们对该疾病的管理都发生了变化。
