Benkhira Said, Boudebouch Najma, Benazzouz Bouchra
Laboratory of Biology and Health, Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco.
Higher Institute of Nursing and Technical Health Professions, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Marrakech, Morocco.
Front Epidemiol. 2024 Dec 2;4:1462271. doi: 10.3389/fepid.2024.1462271. eCollection 2024.
Leishmaniasis is a highly prevalent neglected tropical disease. It represents a significant public health concern in northern Africa, particularly in Morocco. To assess the extent of the disease at the provincial level, as well as the temporal evolution of CL cases and their geographic distribution.
834 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) diagnosed positive by the hygiene and health laboratory of the health delegation of the province of Essaouira during the period from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2023.
Among the 57 communes of the province, three are hyper-endemic and represent the main foci of LC; Elhanchan, Had Draa, Smimou with 66.42% of cases. Other communes with significant increases include Aguerd, with 15.6% of cases, an incidence peak of 279.7 per 100,00.0 in 2022, and Bizdad, 11.8% with an average incidence of 41.1 per 100,000. The transmission of the parasitosis continues to spread to create new outbreaks each year and reach 25 municipalities in the province which have experienced at least one positive case in 2023. Two new outbreaks appeared after 2018 in Sidi Kaouki (5% of cases) and Tidzi (5.6%). The temporal analysis shows a significant rise in cases over time, with an annual average of 83 cases. The trend paused during the COVID-19 lockdown but resumed exponentially, peaking in 2023. The overall incidence in the province increased from 11.1 per 100,000 in 2015 to 40.3 per 100,000 in 2023, with a significant rise over the study period ( < 0.001). The average incidence during this time was 18.32 per 100,000, showing considerable variability across different years.
The spread of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the province of Essaouira is multifactorial and results from the complex interaction between vectors, parasites, the environment, and human behaviors. A better understanding of these factors is essential to developing effective disease prevention and controlling strategies.
利什曼病是一种高度流行的被忽视的热带疾病。它是北非尤其是摩洛哥的一个重大公共卫生问题。旨在评估该疾病在省级层面的流行程度，以及皮肤利什曼病（CL）病例的时间演变及其地理分布。
收集了2014年1月1日至2023年12月31日期间索维拉省卫生代表团卫生与健康实验室诊断为阳性的834例皮肤利什曼病（CL）病例。
在该省的57个市镇中，有3个是高度流行地区，是皮肤利什曼病的主要病灶；埃尔汉尚、哈德德拉阿、斯米穆，占病例的66.42%。其他病例显著增加的市镇包括阿盖尔德，占病例的15.6%，2022年发病率峰值为每10万人口279.7例，以及比兹达德，占11.8%，平均发病率为每10万人口41.1例。寄生虫病的传播每年持续扩散，形成新的疫情，2023年该省有25个市镇至少出现了1例阳性病例。2018年后在西迪考基（占病例的5%）和蒂齐（占5.6%）出现了两起新疫情。时间分析显示病例数随时间显著上升，年均83例。这一趋势在新冠疫情封锁期间暂停，但随后呈指数级恢复，在2023年达到峰值。该省的总体发病率从2015年的每10万人口11.1例增至2023年的每10万人口40.3例，在研究期间显著上升（<0.001）。在此期间的平均发病率为每10万人口18.32例，不同年份差异较大。
索维拉省皮肤利什曼病的传播是多因素的，是媒介、寄生虫、环境和人类行为之间复杂相互作用的结果。更好地了解这些因素对于制定有效的疾病预防和控制策略至关重要。
