Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
Eur J Med Chem. 2021 Apr 15;216:113320. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113320. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs mental ability development and interrupts neurocognitive function. This neuropathological condition is depicted by neurodegeneration, neural loss, and development of neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ plaques. There is also a greater risk of developing AD at a later age for people with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and diabetes. In the biomedical sciences, effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease is a severe obstacle. There is no such treatment to cure Alzheimer's disease. The drug present in the market show only symptomatic relief. The cause of Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood and the blood-brain barrier restricts drug efficacy are two main factors that hamper research. Stem cell-based therapy has been seen as an effective, secure, and creative therapeutic solution to overcoming AD because of AD's multifactorial nature and inadequate care. Current developments in nanotechnology often offer possibilities for the delivery of active drug candidates to address certain limitations. The key nanoformulations being tested against AD include polymeric nanoparticles (NP), inorganic NPs and lipid-based NPs. Nano drug delivery systems are promising vehicles for targeting several therapeutic moieties by easing drug molecules' penetration across the CNS and improving their bioavailability. In this review, we focus on the causes of the AD and their treatment by different approaches.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种神经退行性疾病，会损害智力发展并中断神经认知功能。这种神经病理学状况表现为神经退行性变、神经元丧失以及神经原纤维缠结和 Aβ斑块的形成。患有心血管疾病、高血压和糖尿病的人，晚年患 AD 的风险更高。在生物医学科学中，有效治疗阿尔茨海默病是一个严重的障碍。目前没有治愈阿尔茨海默病的方法。市场上的药物仅能缓解症状。阿尔茨海默病的病因尚未完全了解，血脑屏障限制了药物疗效，这两个主要因素阻碍了研究的进展。由于 AD 的多因素性质和护理不足，基于干细胞的治疗被视为克服 AD 的有效、安全和创新的治疗解决方案。纳米技术的最新发展经常为传递活性药物候选物提供了可能性，以解决某些限制。针对 AD 测试的关键纳米制剂包括聚合物纳米颗粒（NP）、无机 NPs 和基于脂质的 NPs。纳米药物递送系统是一种有前途的载体，可以通过减轻药物分子穿过中枢神经系统的渗透来靶向几种治疗性药物，并提高其生物利用度。在这篇综述中，我们重点讨论了 AD 的病因及其通过不同方法治疗的问题。
