Torres Cristian G, Iturriaga María P, Cruz Pamela
Laboratory of Biomedicine and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Universidad de Las Americas, Santiago 7500975, Chile.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Feb 26;11(3):608. doi: 10.3390/ani11030608.
Mammary cancer is a frequent neoplasia in female dogs, in which most important risk factors are hormonal. Sexual hormones as estradiol play an important role in mammary carcinogenesis, being able to induce carcinogenic initiation, promotion and progression. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. Estradiol is synthesized mainly in the ovaries, nevertheless, high concentrations of estradiol and some of its hormonal precursors have also been described in malignant mammary tumor tissue. The mechanisms of action of estradiol include the classic genomic effects that modulate gene transcription, and non-genomic effects, which trigger quick effects after estradiol binds to its specific receptors. These responses modulate various intracellular signaling pathways, triggering post-translational modification of several proteins. This review will discuss the well-known underlying mechanisms associated with the action of estradiol in the malignant progression of canine mammary tumors.
乳腺癌是雌性犬类中常见的肿瘤，其中最重要的风险因素是激素。雌激素如雌二醇在乳腺癌发生过程中起重要作用，能够诱导致癌起始、促进和进展。然而，所涉及的分子机制尚未完全了解。雌二醇主要在卵巢中合成，不过，在恶性乳腺肿瘤组织中也发现了高浓度的雌二醇及其一些激素前体。雌二醇的作用机制包括调节基因转录的经典基因组效应和非基因组效应，后者在雌二醇与其特异性受体结合后触发快速效应。这些反应调节各种细胞内信号通路，引发几种蛋白质的翻译后修饰。本综述将讨论与雌二醇在犬乳腺肿瘤恶性进展中的作用相关的已知潜在机制。
