Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia.
Nutrients. 2021 Feb 26;13(3):769. doi: 10.3390/nu13030769.
Nitrate-rich food can increase nitric oxide production and improve vascular and brain functions. This study examines the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) testing the effects of prolonged consumption of different doses of dietary nitrate (NO) in the form of beetroot juice (BJ) in overweight and obese older participants. A single-blind, four-arm parallel pilot RCT was conducted in 62 overweight and obese (30.4 ± 4 kg/m) older participants (mean ± standard deviation (SD), 66 ± 4 years). Participants were randomized to: (1) high-NO (HN: 2 × 70 mL BJ/day) (2) medium-NO (MN: 70 mL BJ/day), (3) low-NO (LN: 70 mL BJ on alternate days) or (4) Placebo (PL: 70 mL of NO-depleted BJ on alternate days), for 13 weeks. Compliance was checked by a daily log of consumed BJ, NO intake, and by measuring NO and NO concentrations in plasma, saliva, and urine samples. Fifty participants completed the study. Self-reported compliance to the interventions was >90%. There were significant positive linear relationships between NO dose and the increase in plasma and urinary NO concentration (R = 0.71, P < 0.001 and R = 0.46 P < 0.001, respectively), but relationships between NO dose and changes in salivary NO and NO were non-linear (R = 0.35, P = 0.002 and R = 0.23, P = 0.007, respectively). The results confirm the feasibility of prolonged BJ supplementation in older overweight and obese adults.
富含硝酸盐的食物可以增加一氧化氮的产生，改善血管和大脑功能。本研究旨在检验一项随机对照试验（RCT）的可行性，该试验旨在测试不同剂量的饮食硝酸盐（NO）以甜菜根汁（BJ）的形式长期摄入对超重和肥胖老年参与者的影响。一项单盲、四臂平行的初步 RCT 纳入了 62 名超重和肥胖（30.4 ± 4 kg/m）的老年参与者（均数 ± 标准差（SD），66 ± 4 岁）。参与者被随机分为：（1）高剂量 NO（HN：每天 2 × 70 mL BJ）；（2）中剂量 NO（MN：每天 70 mL BJ）；（3）低剂量 NO（LN：隔天 70 mL BJ）或（4）安慰剂（PL：隔天 70 mL 去硝酸盐 BJ），干预时间为 13 周。通过每天记录 consumed BJ、NO 摄入量以及测量血浆、唾液和尿液样本中的 NO 和 NO 浓度来检查依从性。50 名参与者完成了研究。自我报告的干预措施依从性>90%。NO 剂量与血浆和尿液中 NO 浓度的增加呈显著正线性关系（R = 0.71，P < 0.001 和 R = 0.46，P < 0.001），但 NO 剂量与唾液和尿液中 NO 变化之间的关系是非线性的（R = 0.35，P = 0.002 和 R = 0.23，P = 0.007）。结果证实了在超重和肥胖的老年成年人中进行长期 BJ 补充的可行性。
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