Jalal Tara, Natto Hatim Abdullah, Wahab Ridhwan Abdul
Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraq.
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Qura Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2022;25(6):973-985. doi: 10.2174/1386207324666210302095557.
In recent biomedical research, the area of cancer and infectious diseases occupies a leading position in the utilization of medicinal plants as a source of drug discovery. Malaysia has a diversity and a large number of underutilized fruits that are rich in phenolic compounds. Artoarpus altilis is considered an underutilized fruit that is rich in phenolic compounds. Methanol extracts of A. altilis have been previously found to contain a high content of antioxidant phytochemicals.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and toxicological effect of methanol fruit extracts against MCF-7 cells. To determine the least concentration that might kill or suppress the growth of the cancer cells was in a concentration-dependent manner.
The variation in the cytotoxic activity among the extracts was indicated by determining the IC of each extract against cells at 72 h. The IC of the samples was measured using a trypan blue exclusion assay. The methanol extract of the pulp part showed the least inhibition concentration of 15.40±0.91 μg/mL on MCF-7 cells. In the study, the molecular mechanism of methanol extracts-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrested in human cancer cells were investigated in a time-dependent-manner by using flow cytometry. The treated cells were stained with nexin to detect early and late apoptosis and with propidium iodide (PI) for cell cycle arreste associated with the DNA fragmentation; various cell arrests occurred at G1/S, S, and G2/M phases. Lastly, the gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR method was carried out by analyzing the expression of the gene of interest for the quantification of mRNA levels.
Results after cells were treated with IC50 were revealed by upregulating anti-apoptotic genes/downregulated of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 gene expressions triggered the treated cells into CASPASE- 3, intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
These findings suggest that the methanol extracts of three parts of A. altilis fruit have potential anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells mainly the pulp part of the fruit.
在最近的生物医学研究中，癌症和传染病领域在将药用植物用作药物发现来源的利用方面占据领先地位。马来西亚有多种且大量未充分利用的富含酚类化合物的水果。面包果被认为是一种未充分利用且富含酚类化合物的水果。先前已发现面包果的甲醇提取物含有高含量的抗氧化植物化学物质。
本研究的目的是评估甲醇果实提取物对MCF - 7细胞的细胞毒性和毒理学作用。确定可能杀死或抑制癌细胞生长的最低浓度呈浓度依赖性。
通过测定每种提取物在72小时时对细胞的半数抑制浓度（IC）来表明提取物之间细胞毒性活性的差异。使用台盼蓝排斥试验测量样品的IC。果肉部分的甲醇提取物对MCF - 7细胞的最低抑制浓度为15.40±0.91μg/mL。在该研究中，通过流式细胞术以时间依赖性方式研究了甲醇提取物诱导人癌细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞的分子机制。用膜联蛋白染色处理后的细胞以检测早期和晚期凋亡，并用碘化丙啶（PI）检测与DNA片段化相关的细胞周期停滞；在G1/S、S和G2/M期发生各种细胞停滞。最后，通过分析感兴趣基因的表达以定量mRNA水平，采用RT - qPCR方法进行基因表达分析。
用半数抑制浓度（IC50）处理细胞后的结果显示，抗凋亡基因上调/促凋亡BCL - 2基因表达下调，触发处理后的细胞进入半胱天冬酶 - 3的内在和外在途径。
这些发现表明面包果果实三个部分的甲醇提取物对MCF - 7细胞具有潜在的抗癌活性，主要是果实的果肉部分。
