Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj 3158777871, Iran.
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2021 May 1;21(5):2907-2916. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19055.
In this study, pomegranate peel as a traditional natural remedy was extracted and encapsulated in proniosomal systems in order to improve its stability against harsh environmental conditions. Pomegranate peel was extracted by using sonication as a green extraction technology and the antioxidant activity of the obtained extract was evaluated to be 85.37% by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Proniosomal powder was prepared based on the slurry method with a mixture of non-ionic surfactants namely span 60 and tween 20 in combination with cholesterol as a bilayer stabilizer. Proniosome-derived niosomes were achieved by hydration of the powder with water. The obtained vesicles were evaluated for their particle size, morphological observations, entrapment efficiency, cytotoxicity assay, DPPH antioxidant activity and, physical stability at 4 °C for 28 days. The results demonstrated that the proniosome-derived niosomes were of small size (198.16 nm for unloaded and 411.3 for extract loaded), quite homogeneous (PDI = 0.188 for unloaded and 0.216 for loaded) with highly negative charged spherical vesicles and showed appropriate physical stability during the time of storage. The encapsulation efficiency was 68.43±0.24% and the cytotoxicity assay proved that the formulations were not toxic against 3T3 fibroblast cells in the applied concentration.
在这项研究中，石榴皮作为一种传统的天然药物，通过超声提取并封装在前体囊泡系统中，以提高其对恶劣环境条件的稳定性。石榴皮采用超声提取法作为绿色提取技术进行提取，所得提取物的抗氧化活性通过 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基评估为 85.37%。前体囊泡粉末基于浆料法制备，混合物中非离子表面活性剂为司盘 60 和吐温 20，与胆固醇联合作为双层稳定剂。通过将粉末水化来获得前体囊泡衍生的尼莫辛。对所得囊泡进行粒径、形态观察、包封效率、细胞毒性测定、DPPH 抗氧化活性以及在 4°C 下 28 天的物理稳定性评估。结果表明，前体囊泡衍生的尼莫辛粒径较小（未加载时为 198.16nm，加载时为 411.3nm），相当均匀（未加载时 PDI 为 0.188，加载时 PDI 为 0.216），为带负电荷的球形囊泡，并在储存期间表现出适当的物理稳定性。包封效率为 68.43±0.24%，细胞毒性测定表明，在应用浓度下，制剂对 3T3 成纤维细胞无毒。
