Birhanu Molla Yigzaw, Workineh Aytenew Atnaf, Molla Yalew, Abebaw Ermias, Arora Amit, Bazezew Yibelu
Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021 Feb 22;14:447-457. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S298034. eCollection 2021.
Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common clinical disorders occurred worldwide. About 1.1 million neonates develop jaundice per year globally and the vast majority of them found in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. There is a paucity of evidence on the incidence rate and predictors of neonatal jaundice in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the rate and predictors of neonatal jaundice in the northwest, Ethiopia.
A prospective cohort study design was conducted at Debre Markos comprehensive, specialized Hospitals using 334 neonates from October 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020. Using a systematic random sampling technique, the study subjects were drawn. Data were entered into the Epi-Data Version 4.2 and analyzed using STATA Version 14.0. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to estimate the survival time. A generalized Log rank test was used to compare the survival curves of different categorical variables. Finally, both bi-variable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression models were used to identify the predictors of neonatal jaundice.
The overall incidence rate of jaundice among neonates was 4.5 per 100 person-hours. Long duration of labor [ARR = 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), (2.8-8.7)], being male neonates [ARR= 5.2; 95% CI (3.5-7.3)], "O" blood group mothers [ARR = 4.5; 95% CI (3.4-10.3)], and having neonatal sepsis 3.4 [ARR=3.4; 95% CI: (2.5-6.1)] were predictors.
The incidence rate of jaundice was higher in this study than the finding of the previous one. Being male, prolonged duration of labor, "O" blood group mothers and sepsis were the significant predictors. Hence, an effort has to be made to decrease the incidence rate of neonatal jaundice through improving newborn care and timely intervention for neonates with sepsis and delivered at a long duration of time as well as the neonates born from "o" blood type mothers are our recommendation.
新生儿黄疸是全球最常见的临床疾病之一。全球每年约有110万新生儿出现黄疸，其中绝大多数在撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚。埃塞俄比亚关于新生儿黄疸发病率和预测因素的证据很少。因此，本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚西北部新生儿黄疸的发病率和预测因素。
2019年10月1日至2020年6月30日，在德布雷马尔科斯综合专科医院对334名新生儿进行了前瞻性队列研究设计。采用系统随机抽样技术抽取研究对象。数据录入Epi-Data 4.2版本，并使用STATA 14.0版本进行分析。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线估计生存时间。采用广义对数秩检验比较不同分类变量的生存曲线。最后，使用双变量和多变量Cox比例风险回归模型来确定新生儿黄疸的预测因素。
新生儿黄疸的总体发病率为每100人时4.5例。产程延长[调整风险比（ARR）=3.5；95%置信区间（CI），（2.8 - 8.7）]、男性新生儿[ARR = 5.2；95% CI（3.5 - 7.3）]、“O”型血母亲[ARR = 4.5；95% CI（3.4 - 10.3）]以及患有新生儿败血症[ARR = 3.4；95% CI：（2.5 - 6.1）]是预测因素。
本研究中黄疸的发病率高于先前研究的结果。男性、产程延长、“O”型血母亲和败血症是显著的预测因素。因此，我们建议通过改善新生儿护理，及时干预患有败血症、产程延长的新生儿以及“O”型血母亲所生的新生儿，努力降低新生儿黄疸的发病率。
