Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
Immun Inflamm Dis. 2021 Jun;9(2):340-350. doi: 10.1002/iid3.416. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), also known as human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is encoded by the HLA gene complex, and is currently known to have the highest gene density and the most polymorphisms among human chromosomal areas. HLA is divided into class I antigens, class II antigens, and class III antigens according to distribution and function. Classical HLA class I antigens include HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C; HLA class II antigens include HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR; nonclassical HLA class I and II molecules include HLA-F, E, H, X, DN, DO, and DM; and others, such as complement, are class III antigens. HLA is closely related to the body's immune response, regulation, and surveillance and is of great significance in the study of autoimmune diseases, tumor immunity, organ transplantation, and reproductive immunity. HLA is an important research topic that bridges immunology and clinical diseases. With the development of research methods and technologies, there will be more discoveries and broader prospects.
人类白细胞抗原（HLA），又称人类主要组织相容性复合体（MHC），由 HLA 基因复合体编码，目前已知其在人类染色体区域中具有最高的基因密度和最多的多态性。HLA 根据分布和功能分为 I 类抗原、II 类抗原和 III 类抗原。经典 HLA I 类抗原包括 HLA-A、HLA-B 和 HLA-C；HLA II 类抗原包括 HLA-DP、HLA-DQ 和 HLA-DR；非经典 HLA I 类和 II 类分子包括 HLA-F、E、H、X、DN、DO 和 DM；其他如补体则属于 III 类抗原。HLA 与机体的免疫应答、调节和监视密切相关，在自身免疫性疾病、肿瘤免疫、器官移植和生殖免疫等研究中具有重要意义。HLA 是连接免疫学和临床疾病的一个重要研究课题。随着研究方法和技术的发展，将会有更多的发现和更广阔的前景。
