Ying-Chia Kao, ScD, OTR, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan;
Wendy Coster, PhD, OTR, FAOTA, is Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA.
Am J Occup Ther. 2021 Mar-Apr;75(2):7502205050p1-7502205050p11. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2020.041723.
Limited research has described the timing of acquisition of the broad range of skills required for the transition to adulthood.
To describe the timing of the shift of responsibility for daily tasks from parent to child.
This study used an existing data set of parent responses to 49 items in the Responsibility domain of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Tests.
A U.S. nationally representative sample of 2,205 typically developing children and youth ages 0 to 20 yr.
Descriptive analyses focused on two ages: (1) starting age (when >50% of parents reported their child was taking at least some responsibility for a task) and (2) full responsibility age (when >50% of parents reported their child was taking full responsibility for the task).
The process of shifting responsibility for daily life tasks from parent to child typically occurred over a long period. Many task items had an interval of 5 yr from starting age to full responsibility age; the longest interval was 15 yr. Youth began assuming responsibility for more complex tasks and tasks that involved more risk at ages 10 to 15.
Results can serve as a reference for the timing of the transition to greater self-management of daily life tasks across childhood and adolescence. Timing of responsibility shifts may reflect a combination of development of underlying capacities and social transitions. Executive functioning may be especially relevant for management of the more complex tasks required in daily life in adulthood.
The transfer of responsibility for managing tasks of daily life from parents to children often extends over a period of many years. Clinicians may find the results helpful when discussing the future with parents of young people with disabilities and other chronic conditions and the tasks that their children must learn to manage for independent living as an adult.
有限的研究描述了向成年过渡所需的广泛技能的获得时间。
描述从父母向孩子转移日常任务责任的时间。
本研究使用了现有的父母对残疾儿童评估量表计算机适应测试责任领域 49 个项目的父母反应的数据集。
美国全国代表性的 2205 名正常发育的儿童和青少年，年龄 0 至 20 岁。
描述性分析集中在两个年龄：（1）起始年龄（当 >50%的父母报告他们的孩子至少对某项任务承担了一些责任时）和（2）完全责任年龄（当 >50%的父母报告他们的孩子对任务承担全部责任时）。
将日常生活任务的责任从父母转移到孩子的过程通常需要很长时间。许多任务项目从起始年龄到完全责任年龄之间有 5 年的间隔；最长的间隔是 15 年。青少年在 10 至 15 岁时开始承担更复杂的任务和涉及更多风险的任务。
结果可以作为儿童和青少年时期日常生活任务过渡到更大自我管理的时间参考。责任转移的时间可能反映了潜在能力发展和社会过渡的结合。执行功能可能与日常生活中更复杂任务的管理特别相关，这些任务是成年后独立生活所必需的。
从父母向孩子转移管理日常生活任务的责任通常需要多年时间。当与残疾和其他慢性病儿童的父母讨论他们的孩子必须学会管理的任务以实现成年后的独立生活时，临床医生可能会发现这些结果很有帮助。
