Khiutti A V, Rybakov D A, Gavrilenko T A, Afanasenko O S
All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. 2020 Jul;24(4):363-375. doi: 10.18699/VJ20.629.
The active expansion of foreign potato cultivars on the territory of the Russian Federation has led to a change in the dominant pathogen species and to the emergence of new pathotypes of causal agents of harmful potato diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate resistance to Phytophthora infestans and Globodera rostochiensis of modern potato cultivars and determine the distribution of fungal and oomycetic diseases on potato cultivars in various agroclimatic zones of Russia. The resistance of 41 foreign cultivars was evaluated to pathotype Ro1 G. rostochiensis and to isolate VZR17 P. infestans with virulence genes 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11. Resistant to G. rostochiensis were 38 cultivars. 57R marker of the H1 gene conferring resistance to the Ro1 pathotype of G. rostochiensis was detected in 96.6 % of the nematode resistant cultivars studied; susceptible varieties did not possess this marker. Absolute resistance to the causative agent of late blight was demonstrated by the cultivars Alouette and Sarpo Mira (score 9); high levels of resistance (score 6 and 7) were determined for the cultivars Evolution, Red Fantasy and Ricarda. The cultivars Baltic Rose, Damaris, Desiree, Gala, Labella, Laperla, Mia, Sanibel, Zekura, Queen Anne, Red Lady and '7 for 7' were classified as susceptible, although the characteristics of originators indicated average resistance to late blight. A phytopathological test was conducted on 92 samples of 39 varieties of seed potatoes from four federal districts of the Russian Federation: Volga, NorthWest, Central and North Caucasus. Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium spp. and Helminthosporium solani are most common on all varieties. 100 % defeat of tubers by H. solani was recorded in various regions on the cultivars Red Scarlett, Evolution, Labella, Colombo, Gala and Nevsky. Widespread Colletotrichum coccodes on tubers of the elite and 2nd reproductions of the potato cultivar Red Scarlett (50.0-71.4 %) was recorded in the Central District.
国外马铃薯品种在俄罗斯联邦境内的积极推广导致了主要病原菌种类的变化以及马铃薯有害病害致病因子新致病型的出现。本研究的目的是评估现代马铃薯品种对致病疫霉和罗氏茎线虫的抗性，并确定俄罗斯不同农业气候区马铃薯品种上真菌和卵菌病害的分布情况。对41个国外品种针对罗氏茎线虫致病型Ro1和具有毒力基因1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11的致病疫霉分离株VZR17的抗性进行了评估。38个品种对罗氏茎线虫具有抗性。在所研究的对线虫具有抗性的品种中，96.6%检测到了赋予对罗氏茎线虫Ro1致病型抗性的H1基因的57R标记；感病品种不具备该标记。品种阿卢埃特和萨波·米拉对晚疫病病原菌表现出绝对抗性（评分9）；品种爱沃隆、红幻想和里卡达确定具有高水平抗性（评分6和7）。品种波罗的海玫瑰、达玛丽斯、德西蕾、加拉、拉贝亚、拉佩拉、米娅、圣伊内贝尔、泽库拉、安妮女王、红女士和“7选7”被归类为感病品种，尽管其育种者提供的特性表明对晚疫病具有中等抗性。对来自俄罗斯联邦四个联邦区（伏尔加、西北、中央和北高加索）的39个品种的92份种薯样本进行了植物病理学检测。立枯丝核菌、镰刀菌属和茄丝核菌在所有品种上最为常见。在不同地区，品种红斯嘉丽、爱沃隆、拉贝亚、科伦坡、加拉和涅夫斯基的块茎被茄丝核菌100%侵染。在中央区，马铃薯品种红斯嘉丽的原种和二代繁殖种的块茎上广泛存在围小丛壳菌（50.0 - 71.4%）。
